Control and operation of unified power quality Conditioner with battery-ultracapacitor energy storage system
01 Dec 2014-pp 1-6
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a new configuration of UPQC that consists of battery and ultracapacitor connected to the DC link through DC/DC converters for compensating voltage and current related PQ problems.
Abstract: This paper proposes a new configuration of UPQC that consists of battery and ultracapacitor connected to the DC link through DC/DC converters for compensating voltage and current related PQ problems. The main objective of this configuration is to enable UPQC to mitigate voltage interruption and reduce battery stress with the help of ultracapacitor. The proposed UPQC can compensate current harmonics, current unbalance, load reactive power, voltage sag, voltage swell and voltage interruption. The Shunt inverter inject currents to ensure a balanced, sinusoidal and unity power factor PCC current except under source voltage interruption during which shunt inverter operates in voltage control mode for maintaining balanced and sinusoidal load voltage. The Series inverter inject voltages to ensure a balanced and sinusoidal load voltage except under voltage interruption during which series inverter is isolated from the system. The combination of battery and ultracapacitor yield a power source having both high energy density and power density. Battery delivers average load power during voltage interruption while ultracapacitor takes all the load fluctuating power. The performance of the proposed UPQC with battery-ultracapacitor storage system have been verified through simulation results.
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01 Oct 2003
TL;DR: In this article, a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is used to compensate for the distortions in source current and voltage at the point of common coupling, where the DSTATCOM is connected with a filter capacitor that allows the high frequency component of the current to pass.
Abstract: The paper discusses load compensation using a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM). It is assumed that the DSTATCOM is associated with a load that is remote from the supply. It is shown that the operation of a DSTATCOM assuming that it is connected to a stiff source in such situations will result in distortions in source current and voltage at the point of common coupling. To avoid this, the DSTATCOM is connected in parallel with a filter capacitor that allows the high frequency component of the current to pass. However, this generates control issues in tracking, as standard controls such as a hysteresis control are not suitable in these circumstances. This paper proposes a new switching control scheme and demonstrates its suitability for this problem. It also proposes a scheme in which the fundamental sequence components of a three-phase signal can be computed from its samples. The overall performance of the proposed scheme is verified using digital computer simulation studies.
196 citations
TL;DR: An application-oriented review explicates the principle advantages with the hybridization of battery and supercapacitor energy storage systems that can be used as an insight for further development in the field of energy storage technology and its applications.
Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive categorical review of the recent advances and past research development of the hybrid storage paradigm over the last two decades. The main intent of the study is to provide an application-focused survey where every category and sub-category herein is thoroughly and independently investigated. Implementation of energy storage systems is one of the most interestingly effective options for further progression in the field of alternative energy technology. Apart from a meticulous garnering of the energy resources regulated by the energy storage, the main concern is to optimize the characteristic integrity of the storage devices to achieve a practically techno-economic size and operation. In this paper, hybrid energy storage consisting of batteries and supercapacitors is studied. The fact that the characteristic of batteries is mostly complementary to that of supercapacitors, hybridizing these storage systems enhances their scope of application in various fields. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to present an inclusive review of these applications. Specifically, the application domain includes: (1) regulation of renewable energy sources, (2) contributions to grid regulation (voltage and frequency compensation, contribution to power system inertia), (3) energy storage enhancements (life cycle improvement, and size reduction), (4) regenerative braking in electric vehicles, (5) improvement in wireless power transfer technology. Further, this review also descriptively highlights the control strategies implemented in these domains of applications. The application-oriented review explicates the principle advantages with the hybridization of battery and supercapacitor energy storage systems that can be used as an insight for further development in the field of energy storage technology and its applications.
55 citations
TL;DR: The main advantages and disadvantages of the system consisting of an ultracapacitor and a battery is presented along with the problem of self-discharge and the conditions of ultracapsicitor and battery cooperation.
Abstract: This work is concerned with the use of the engine start module (ESM) ULTRA 31/900/24V ultracapacitor in specific hybrid systems consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) module, battery, and internal combustion engine (ICE). The test bench research on the ESM cooperating with the photovoltaic module to prevent its self-discharge has been tested, analyzed, and discussed. Moreover, the power distribution between electrochemical batteries and the ultracapacitor is shown. The potential application of the ultracapacitor connected with batteries for the start-up of an ICE engine is also presented. Furthermore, we analyze the possible application of the ultracapacitor plus battery system in heavy transport vehicles and buses. The main advantages and disadvantages of the system consisting of an ultracapacitor and a battery is presented along with the problem of self-discharge and the conditions of ultracapacitor and battery cooperation. This work also features the assumptions made for the conducted tests, selected accordingly for nominal current values of typical starter motors available on the market.
15 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The hybrid energy storage system proposed in this work is particularly suited for use in the zero-emissions building sector, associated with renewable energy sources and other distributed generation devices, and for their stable, durable and efficient operation.
Abstract: This paper focuses on research into and simulations of an energy storage system with high efficiency (or high durability), consisting of an electrochemical battery, which was connected to a ultracapacitor by voltage converters. An active connection between the battery and the ultracapacitor leads to good load distribution during charging and discharging. By adjusting the DC/DC converter system to a predefined exemplary load cycle, the ultracapacitor assumes high momentary current demand, while the remaining range of power demand is covered by the electrochemical battery. This way the ultracapacitor is used as an efficient energy source, reducing high current consumption from the battery, thus limiting energy losses in the battery and increasing its durability. This paper presents test bench research regarding the static and dynamic states of battery and ultracapacitor work. It contains a discussion on the theoretical and analytical relations underpinning and informing the development of the battery and ultracapacitor models. The paper shows the characteristics of voltage, current, and heat generation on the battery and ultracapacitor selected on the basis of the adopted cycle of power demand. The hybrid energy storage system proposed in this work is particularly suited for use in the zero-emissions building sector, associated with renewable energy sources and other distributed generation devices, and for their stable, durable and efficient operation.
11 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, an improved and easy-to-use battery dynamic model is presented, and the charge and the discharge dynamics of the battery model are validated experimentally with four batteries types.
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"Control and operation of unified po..." refers methods in this paper
...Battery model available in the Matlab/Simulink library is used and the parameters are chosen to best fit the typical lead acid battery charge and discharge curves [6], [7]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the inherent limitations of commanding voltages and currents in a three-phase load with an inverter are examined, and an overview of several current controllers described in the literature is presented, and computer simulations are used to compare performance.
Abstract: The inherent limitations of commanding voltages and currents in a three-phase load with an inverter are examined. An overview of several current controllers described in the literature is presented, and computer simulations are used to compare performance. A switching diagram is developed which reveals some of the operating characteristics of hysteresis controllers. For ramp comparison controllers, a frequency transfer function analysis is used to predict the line currents and provide some insight into the compensation required to reduce the current errors.
889 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Kornyshev et al. applied the principles that Gouy, Chapman and Stern adopted in their classic treatments of the double layer at a (metal)/(electrolyte solution) interface.
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486 citations