Conversion processes in anaerobic digestion
TL;DR: In this article, six different conversion processes are identified in the degradation of particulate organic material (biopolymers) to methane, and the kinetic data are applied to the design of an anaerobic digester for raw domestic sludge.
About: This article is published in Water Science and Technology.The article was published on 1983-08-01. It has received 1038 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Anaerobic digestion.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review has been done on scope of CO2 mitigation through solar cooker, water heater, dryer, biofuel, improved cookstove and by hydrogen, which provides an excellent opportunity for mitigation of greenhouse gas emission and reducing global warming through substituting conventional energy sources.
Abstract: Renewable technologies are considered as clean sources of energy and optimal use of these resources minimize environmental impacts, produce minimum secondary wastes and are sustainable based on current and future economic and social societal needs. Sun is the source of all energies. The primary forms of solar energy are heat and light. Sunlight and heat are transformed and absorbed by the environment in a multitude of ways. Some of these transformations result in renewable energy flows such as biomass and wind energy. Renewable energy technologies provide an excellent opportunity for mitigation of greenhouse gas emission and reducing global warming through substituting conventional energy sources. In this article a review has been done on scope of CO2 mitigation through solar cooker, water heater, dryer, biofuel, improved cookstoves and by hydrogen.
2,584 citations
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TL;DR: The current state and perspectives of biogas production, including the biochemical parameters and feedstocks which influence the efficiency and reliability of the microbial conversion and gas yield are reviewed.
Abstract: Anaerobic digestion of energy crops, residues, and wastes is of increasing interest in order to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and to facilitate a sustainable development of energy supply. Production of biogas provides a versatile carrier of renewable energy, as methane can be used for replacement of fossil fuels in both heat and power generation and as a vehicle fuel. For biogas production, various process types are applied which can be classified in wet and dry fermentation systems. Most often applied are wet digester systems using vertical stirred tank digester with different stirrer types dependent on the origin of the feedstock. Biogas is mainly utilized in engine-based combined heat and power plants, whereas microgas turbines and fuel cells are expensive alternatives which need further development work for reducing the costs and increasing their reliability. Gas upgrading and utilization as renewable vehicle fuel or injection into the natural gas grid is of increasing interest because the gas can be used in a more efficient way. The digestate from anaerobic fermentation is a valuable fertilizer due to the increased availability of nitrogen and the better short-term fertilization effect. Anaerobic treatment minimizes the survival of pathogens which is important for using the digested residue as fertilizer. This paper reviews the current state and perspectives of biogas production, including the biochemical parameters and feedstocks which influence the efficiency and reliability of the microbial conversion and gas yield.
2,440 citations
TL;DR: This paper provides a critical review on the current technologies available for decolourisation of textile wastewaters and it suggests effective and economically attractive alternatives.
1,242 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the potential rates of both methane production and consumption vary over three orders of magnitude and their distribution is skew, and these rates are weakly correlated with ecosystem type, incubation temperature, in situ aeration, latitude, depth and distance to oxic/anoxic interface.
Abstract: Potential rates of both methane production and methane consumption vary over three orders of magnitude and their distribution is skew. These rates are weakly correlated with ecosystem type, incubation temperature, in situ aeration, latitude, depth and distance to oxic/anoxic interface. Anaerobic carbon mineralisation is a major control of methane pro- duction. The large range in anaerobic CH4:CO2 production rates indicate that a large part of the anaerobically mineralised carbon is used for reduction of electron acceptors, and, hence, is not available for methanogenesis. Consequently, cycling of electron acceptors needs to be studied to understand methane production. Methane and oxygen half saturation constants for methane oxidation vary about one order of magnitude. Potential methane oxidation seems to be correlated with methanotrophic biomass. Therefore, variation in potential methane oxidation could be related to site characteristics with a model of methanotrophic biomass.
851 citations
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: Biological methanogenesis plays a major role in the carbon cycle on Earth and is the terminal step in carbon flow in many anaerobic habitats, including marine and freshwater sediments, marshes and swamps, flooded soils, bogs, geothermal habitats, and animal gastrointestinal tracts as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Biological methanogenesis plays a major role in the carbon cycle on Earth. Methanogenesis is the terminal step in carbon flow in many anaerobic habitats, including marine and freshwater sediments, marshes and swamps, flooded soils, bogs, geothermal habitats, and animal gastrointestinal tracts. CH4 escaping from anaerobic habitats can serve as a carbon and energy source for aerobic methanotrophic bacteria, and can escape to the atmosphere, where it is a major participant in atmospheric chemical reactions and is an important greenhouse gas.
753 citations