Coordination chemistry of metals in medicine: target sites for bismuth
TL;DR: Bismuth compounds are used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and may also be useful for other diseases as discussed by the authors, however, they exhibit a highly variable coordination number (3-10) and often an irregular coordination geometry.
About: This article is published in Coordination Chemistry Reviews.The article was published on 1999-05-01. It has received 249 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Coordination geometry & Coordination complex.
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TL;DR: The OX26 monoclonal antibody against the rat transferrin receptor offers great promise in the delivery of therapeutic agents across the blood-brain barrier to the brain and serves as a potential alternative to viral vector for gene therapy.
Abstract: The membrane transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis or internalization of the complex of transferrin bound iron and the transferrin receptor is the major route of cellular iron uptake. This efficient cellular uptake pathway has been exploited for the site-specific delivery not only of anticancer drugs and proteins, but also of therapeutic genes into proliferating malignant cells that overexpress the transferrin receptors. This is achieved either chemically by conjugation of transferrin with therapeutic drugs, proteins, or genetically by infusion of therapeutic peptides or proteins into the structure of transferrin. The resulting conjugates significantly improve the cytotoxicity and selectivity of the drugs. The coupling of DNA to transferrin via a polycation or liposome serves as a potential alternative to viral vector for gene therapy. Moreover, the OX26 monoclonal antibody against the rat transferrin receptor offers great promise in the delivery of therapeutic agents across the blood-brain barrier to the brain.
1,000 citations
Cites background from "Coordination chemistry of metals in..."
...Bi3 complexes are in widespread use in the treatment of ulcers (Sun et al., 1997b; Sun and Sadler, 1998; Briand and Burford, 1999; Sadler et al., 1999); Ru3 compounds are potential anticancer agents, which are often active against metastases but not against the primary tumors (Kratz et al., 1994;…...
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Journal Article•
876 citations
TL;DR: Biological carriers conjugated to cisplatin analogs have improved specificity for tumor tissue, thereby reducing side effects and drug resistance, and metal-based chemotherapeutic compounds have the potential to modulate the biological properties of superoxide anion and nitric oxide.
853 citations
TL;DR: This review focuses on recent advances in developing platinum anticancer agents with an emphasis on platinum coordination complexes, which exhibit promising pharmacological properties.
Abstract: The application of inorganic chemistry to medicine is a rapidly developing field, and novel therapeutic and diagnostic metal complexes are now having an impact on medical practice. Advances in biocoordinati on chemistry are crucial for improving the design of compounds to reduce toxic side effects and understand their mechanisms of action. Cisplatin, as one of the leading metal-based drugs, is widely used in the treatment of cancer. Significant side effects and drug resistance, however, have limited its clinical applications. Biological carriers conjugated to cisplatin analogs have improved specificity for tumor tissue, thereby reducing side effects and drug resistance. Platinum complexes with distinctively different DNA binding modes from that of cisplatin also exhibit promising pharmacological properties. This review focuses on recent advances in developing platinum anticancer agents with an emphasis on platinum coordination complexes.
443 citations
Cites background from "Coordination chemistry of metals in..."
...A broad array of medicinal applications of metal complexes has been investigated, and several recent reviews summarize advances in these fields [2-6]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a novel hydrothermal approach is developed for the first time to synthesize hierarchical BiVO4/Bi2O2CO3 nanocomposites with reactive crystalline facets using urea as a morphology mediator.
Abstract: A novel hydrothermal approach is developed for the first time to synthesize hierarchical BiVO4/Bi2O2CO3 nanocomposites with reactive crystalline facets using urea as a morphology mediator. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 absorption–desorption isotherms and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples was evaluated towards degradation of Rhodomine B (RhB) by visible-light. Our results indicate that both physical parameters and associated photocatalytic activity of BiVO4/Bi2O2CO3 nanocomposites can be tuned by urea concentration and reaction time in the synthesis process. With increasing urea concentration, the specific surface area, pore volume and average pore size increase. Compared to BiVO4 and Bi2O2CO3 bulk counterpart, BiVO4/Bi2O2CO3 nanocomposites show enhanced photocatalytic degradation activity of RhB. The mechanisms for the formation of BiVO4/Bi2O2CO3 nanocomposites and enhanced photoreactivity are discussed.
396 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: Cotton and Wilkinson's Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (AIC) as discussed by the authors is one of the most widely used inorganic chemistry books and has been used for more than a quarter century.
Abstract: For more than a quarter century, Cotton and Wilkinson's Advanced Inorganic Chemistry has been the source that students and professional chemists have turned to for the background needed to understand current research literature in inorganic chemistry and aspects of organometallic chemistry. Like its predecessors, this updated Sixth Edition is organized around the periodic table of elements and provides a systematic treatment of the chemistry of all chemical elements and their compounds. It incorporates important recent developments with an emphasis on advances in the interpretation of structure, bonding, and reactivity.From the reviews of the Fifth Edition:* "The first place to go when seeking general information about the chemistry of a particular element, especially when up-to-date, authoritative information is desired." -Journal of the American Chemical Society.* "Every student with a serious interest in inorganic chemistry should have [this book]." -Journal of Chemical Education.* "A mine of information . . . an invaluable guide." -Nature.* "The standard by which all other inorganic chemistry books are judged."-Nouveau Journal de Chimie.* "A masterly overview of the chemistry of the elements."-The Times of London Higher Education Supplement.* "A bonanza of information on important results and developments which could otherwise easily be overlooked in the general deluge of publications." -Angewandte Chemie.
12,231 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the rate data for the generalized nucleophilic displacement reaction were reviewed, and the authors presented a method to estimate the rate of the generalized displacement reaction in terms of the number of nucleophiles.
Abstract: Recently (1) the rate data for the generalized nucleophilic displacement reaction were reviewed.
8,433 citations
Book•
01 Nov 2001
TL;DR: An integrated view: the elements in homeostasis, morphogenesis, and evolution Man's use of the chemical elements in biological environments Index.
Abstract: Part 1 The chemical and physical factors controlling the elements of life: the chemical elements in biology the principles of the chemical uptake and speciation of the elements in biology physical separation of the elements - compartments and zones in biology kinetic considerations of element reactions energy in biological systems and hydrogen biochemistry the functional value of the chemical elements in biological systems. Part 2 The roles of individual elements in biology: the role of biological macromolecules and polymers sodium and potassium - osmotic control, electrolyte equilibria and currents magnesium - primary metabolism and polynucleotide structures calcium - controls and triggers zinc - Lewis acid catalysis and regulation non-haem iron redox reactions and controls haem iron - coupled redox reactions manganese copper - extracellular redox reactions and matrix formation nickel and cobalt - primitive hydrogen and organmetallic biochemistry molybdenum and vanadium - nitrogen fixation and extracellular oxygen transfer phosphorus and silicon - condensation reactions of non-metals redox non-metals - sulphur, selenium and halogens. Part 3 The co-operative interaction of elements in living systems: biomineralization and shape homeostasis and morphogenesis man's interference in element distribution - medicines and pollutants.
1,417 citations
TL;DR: The crystal structure of the K. aerogenes enzyme has been determined and provides important insight into the mechanism of catalysis, and accessory genes have been shown to be required for activation of urease apoprotein, and roles for the accessory proteins in metallocenter assembly have been proposed.
1,244 citations
TL;DR: 100 consecutive patients with both duodenal ulcer and Campylobacter pylori infection were followed up to see whether eradication of C pylonori affected ulcer healing or relapse.
1,055 citations