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Journal ArticleDOI

Correlation of structural differences between Nafion/polyaniline and Nafion/polypyrrole composite membranes and observed transport properties

15 Apr 2011-Journal of Membrane Science (Elsevier)-Vol. 372, Iss: 1, pp 11-19
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of selected polypyrrole/Nafion composite membranes is tested in a static vanadium redox cell and the results show that polyaniline and polypryrole interact differently with Nafion.
About: This article is published in Journal of Membrane Science.The article was published on 2011-04-15. It has received 78 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Nafion & Vanadium ion transport.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the overall development of redox flow battery technology, including proposed chemistries, cell components and recent applications is provided in this paper, where the authors highlight the challenges and directions for further research.
Abstract: Redox flow batteries, which have been developed over the last 40 years, are used to store energy on the medium to large scale, particularly in applications such as load levelling, power quality control and facilitating renewable energy deployment. Various electrode materials and cell chemistries have been proposed; some of the successful systems have been demonstrated on a large-scale in the range of 10 kW–10 MW. Enhanced performance is attributable to the improvements in electrodes, separator materials and an increasing awareness of cell design. This comprehensive review provides a summary of the overall development of redox flow battery technology, including proposed chemistries, cell components and recent applications. Remaining challenges and directions for further research are highlighted.

785 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) is one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage systems deemed suitable for a wide range of renewable energy applications that are emerging rapidly to reduce the carbon footprint of electricity generation as discussed by the authors.

659 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the status and challenges of large-scale electrical energy storage have been reviewed from the perspective of materials science and materials chemistry in electrochemical energy storage technologies, such as Li-ion batteries, sodium (sulfur and metal halide) batteries, Pb-acid battery, redox flow batteries, and supercapacitors.
Abstract: Large-scale electrical energy storage has become more important than ever for reducing fossil energy consumption in transportation and for the widespread deployment of intermittent renewable energy in electric grid. However, significant challenges exist for its applications. Here, the status and challenges are reviewed from the perspective of materials science and materials chemistry in electrochemical energy storage technologies, such as Li-ion batteries, sodium (sulfur and metal halide) batteries, Pb-acid battery, redox flow batteries, and supercapacitors. Perspectives and approaches are introduced for emerging battery designs and new chemistry combinations to reduce the cost of energy storage devices.

587 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review summarizes the underlying basic scientific issues associated with membrane use in VRFBs and presents an overview of membrane-related research approaches aimed at improving the efficiency of VRFB's and making the technology cost-competitive.
Abstract: Large-scale energy storage has become the main bottleneck for increasing the percentage of renewable energy in our electricity grids. Redox flow batteries are considered to be among the best options for electricity storage in the megawatt range and large demonstration systems have already been installed. Although the full technological potential of these systems has not been reached yet, currently the main problem hindering more widespread commercialization is the high cost of redox flow batteries. Nafion, as the preferred membrane material, is responsible for about 11% of the overall cost of a 1 MW/8 MWh system. Therefore, in recent years two main membrane related research threads have emerged: 1) chemical and physical modification of Nafion membranes to optimize their properties with regard to vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) application; and 2) replacement of the Nafion membranes with different, less expensive materials. This review summarizes the underlying basic scientific issues associated with membrane use in VRFBs and presents an overview of membrane-related research approaches aimed at improving the efficiency of VRFBs and making the technology cost-competitive. Promising research strategies and materials are identified and suggestions are provided on how materials issues could be overcome.

435 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
19 Jun 2012
TL;DR: This paper reviews the research work on membranes for redox flow batteries, in particular for the all-vanadium red ox flow battery which has received the most attention.
Abstract: The need for large scale energy storage has become a priority to integrate renewable energy sources into the electricity grid. Redox flow batteries are considered the best option to store electricity from medium to large scale applications. However, the current high cost of redox flow batteries impedes the wide spread adoption of this technology. The membrane is a critical component of redox flow batteries as it determines the performance as well as the economic viability of the batteries. The membrane acts as a separator to prevent cross-mixing of the positive and negative electrolytes, while still allowing the transport of ions to complete the circuit during the passage of current. An ideal membrane should have high ionic conductivity, low water intake and excellent chemical and thermal stability as well as good ionic exchange capacity. Developing a low cost, chemically stable membrane for redox flow cell batteries has been a major focus for many groups around the world in recent years. This paper reviews the research work on membranes for redox flow batteries, in particular for the all-vanadium redox flow battery which has received the most attention.

336 citations


Cites background or methods from "Correlation of structural differenc..."

  • ...It has been suggested that careful selection of the cationic polymer allows tuning the inherent trade-off between membrane permeability and resistance [84]....

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  • ...Polyaniline/Nafion and polypyrrole/Nafion composite membranes were prepared by chemical polymerization and their properties were studied in the VRB [83,84]....

    [...]

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared redox flow systems in the light of characteristics such as open circuit potential, power density, energy efficiency, and charge-discharge behavior, and highlighted areas for further research.

1,054 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review describes the polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM) that are both under development and commercialized for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) and outlines the prospects of the currently known membranes for DMFC.

843 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a laboratory-scale cell was constructed to test the performance of V(II)/V(III) and V(IV/V(V) half-cells in an all-vanadium redox battery.
Abstract: A laboratory-scale cell was constructed to test the performance of V(II)/V(III) and V(IV)/V(V) half-cells in an all-vanadium redox battery. Graphite plates were used as electrodes, and the membrane was manufactured from a sulfonated polyehylene anion-selective material. The average charging efficiency of the cell was over 90 percent. Stability tests on the reduced and oxidized electrolytes, measured over the temperature range of -5 C to 60 C, showed no accelerated decomposition at high temperatures and no crystallization at the lower temperatures. After prolonged usage, however, a slow deterioration of the positive electrode and the membrane was observed. 9 references.

718 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the diffusion coefficients of vanadium ions across Nafion 115 (Dupont) in a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) and found that the diffusion coefficient was in the order of V(2+ > VO(2+) >VO(2)(+) > V(3+).

366 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the thermal degradation of polyaniline films polymerized in situ on silicon windows, and protonated with hydrochloric, sulfuric or phosphoric acid, has been studied by FTIR spectroscopy.

340 citations