Cost-Reliability Interaction in Life-Cycle Cost Optimization of Deteriorating Structures
01 Nov 2004-Journal of Structural Engineering-asce (American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE))-Vol. 130, Iss: 11, pp 1704-1712
TL;DR: In this article, a cost function for maintenance intervention cost is proposed to evaluate the effect of the intervention on the reliability of a deteriorating structure and the quality of the interventions applied during their lifetime.
Abstract: Life-cycle cost analysis of deteriorating structures has to consider not only time-varying resistance and loading affecting the reliability of these structures but also maintenance interventions applied during their lifetime. Finding the optimum maintenance scenario for a deteriorating structure is a complex process involving the selection of maintenance interventions and their application times associated with minimum life-cycle cost. There is a cost relationship between maintenance intervention cost and the effect of the intervention on system reliability. However, this relationship is not included in modern structural management systems since costs of interventions are prescribed as fixed values independent on their effects on system reliability. Neglecting the interactions among maintenance interventions, their effects on structural performance, and corresponding costs leads to significant limitations of modern management systems for civil infrastructures. In this article, maintenance intervention cost is not considered to be fixed but evaluated dynamically by using cost functions according to time-dependent variables related to the quality of intervention. The main advantages of using cost functions are the flexibility and expandability required for general purpose reliability-based structure management systems. In fact, cost functions can be used in any structure management system based on life-cycle cost. A practical example is provided to show how to establish cost functions of maintenance interventions and how these functions can be used to obtain the optimal life-cycle maintenance scenario.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the recent development of life-cycle maintenance and management planning for deteriorating civil infrastructure with emphasis on bridges using optimization techniques and considering simultaneously multiple and often competing criteria in terms of condition, safety and life cycle.
Abstract: Cost-competent maintenance and management of civil infrastructure requires balanced consideration of both the structure performance and the total cost accrued over the entire life-cycle. Most existing maintenance and management systems are developed on the basis of life-cycle cost minimization only. The single maintenance and management solution thus obtained, however, does not necessarily result in satisfactory long-term structure performance. Another concern is that the structure performance is usually described by the visual inspection-based structure condition states. The actual structure safety level, however, has not been explicitly or adequately considered in determining maintenance management decisions. This paper reviews the recent development of life-cycle maintenance and management planning for deteriorating civil infrastructure with emphasis on bridges using optimization techniques and considering simultaneously multiple and often competing criteria in terms of condition, safety and life-cycle...
406 citations
Cites methods from "Cost-Reliability Interaction in Lif..."
...2004 , Kong and Frangopol 2004 ) are used to capture the effects of each strategy for maintenance planning purposes....
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01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the research to date related to probabilistic models for maintaining and optimizing the lifecycle performance of deteriorating structures and formulates future directions in this field.
Abstract: Summary In comparison with the well-researched field of analysis and design of structural systems, the lifecycle performance prediction of these systems under no maintenance as well as under various maintenance scenarios is far more complex, and is a rapidly emergent field in structural engineering. As structures become older and maintenance costs become higher, different agencies and administrations in charge of civil infrastructure systems are facing challenges related to the implementation of structure maintenance and management systems based on life-cycle cost considerations. This article reviews the research to date related to probabilistic models for maintaining and optimizing the lifecycle performance of deteriorating structures and formulates future directions in this field.
332 citations
Additional excerpts
...A model describing this interaction has been presented[49,50] c 1⁄4 c1 þ c2ðDbÞ þ c3ðtD a1Þ þ c4ðDCÞ þ c5ðtDC acÞ (7)...
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the research to date related to probabilistic models for maintaining and optimizing the life-cycle performance of deteriorating structures and formulates future directions in this field.
Abstract: In comparison with the well-researched field of analysis and design of structural systems, the life-cycle performance prediction of these systems under no maintenance as well as under various maintenance scenarios is far more complex, and is a rapidly emergent field in structural engineering As structures become older and maintenance costs become higher, different agencies and administrations in charge of civil infrastructure systems are facing challenges related to the implementation of structure maintenance and management systems based on life-cycle cost considerations This article reviews the research to date related to probabilistic models for maintaining and optimizing the life-cycle performance of deteriorating structures and formulates future directions in this field
318 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive review on the application of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) literature in the field of infrastructure management is presented in this paper, which identifies trends and new developments in MCDM methods.
Abstract: In infrastructure management, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) has emerged as a decision support tool to integrate various technical information and stakeholder values. Different MCDM techniques and tools have been developed. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the application of MCDM literature in the field of infrastructure management. Approximately 300 published papers were identified that report MCDM applications in the field of infrastructure management during 1980–2012. The reviewed papers are classified into application to the type of infrastructure (e.g. bridges and pipes), and prevalent decision or intervention (e.g. repair and rehabilitate). In addition, the papers were also classified according to MCDM methods used in the analysis. The paper provides taxonomy of those articles and identifies trends and new developments in MCDM methods. The results suggest that there is a significant growth in MCDM applications in infrastructure management applications of MCDM over the last decade...
309 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the use of structural monitoring data in the reliability assessment and prediction models of new and existing structural systems, and propose that the demand for the efficient use of monitoring data is not only related to structural reliability but also to cost aspects.
Abstract: During the past decade, monitoring concepts for structural systems have been subjected to a rapid development process. They have become more and more important in the intervention planning (e.g., maintenance, repair, rehabilitation, replacement) on new and existing structures. Nevertheless, there is still a strong need for the efficient use of structural monitoring data in the reliability assessment and prediction models. Updating prediction models, based on monitoring data, affect the intervention strategies. Since these strategies involve costs, monitoring systems assist the efficient spending of available budgets. Therefore, the demand for the efficient use of monitoring data is not only related to structural reliability, but also to cost aspects. In an extended sense, structural monitoring can be considered similar to quality assurance and acceptance sampling, since it is not practically possible to continuously monitor all performance indicators in all critical sections of an entire structural system...
259 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, a lifetime optimization methodology for planning the inspection and repair of structures that deteriorate over time is introduced and illustrated through numerical examples, based on minimizing the expected total life-cycle cost while maintaining an allowable lifetime reliability for the structure.
Abstract: A lifetime optimization methodology for planning the inspection and repair of structures that deteriorate over time is introduced and illustrated through numerical examples. The optimization is based on minimizing the expected total life-cycle cost while maintaining an allowable lifetime reliability for the structure. This method incorporates: (a) the quality of inspection techniques with different detection capabilities; (b) all repair possibilities based on an event tree; (c) the effects of aging, deterioration, and subsequent repair on structural reliability; and (d) the time value of money. The overall cost to be minimized includes the initial cost and the costs of preventive maintenance, inspection, repair, and failure. The methodology is illustrated using the reinforced concrete T-girders from a highway bridge. An optimum inspection/repair strategy is developed for these girders that are deteriorating due to corrosion in an aggressive environment. The effect of critical parameters such as rate of co...
431 citations
"Cost-Reliability Interaction in Lif..." refers background in this paper
...For instance, if the cost of inspection is considered, the capability of detecting defects, quantified by the probability of detection, should be included (Frangopol et al. 1997)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors attempted to shed some light on the past, present, and future of life-cycle management of highway bridges, and concluded that additional research is required to develop better life cycle models and tools to quantify the risks, costs, and benefits associated with highway bridges as well as their interrelationships in highway networks.
Abstract: The objective of bridge management is to allocate and use the limited resources to balance lifetime reliability and life-cycle cost in an optimal manner. As the 20th century has drawn to a close, it is appropriate to reflect on the birth and growth of bridge management systems, to examine where they are today, and to predict their future. In this paper, it is attempted to shed some light on the past, present, and future of life-cycle management of highway bridges. It is shown that current bridge management systems have limitations and that these limitations can be overcome by using a reliability-based approach. It is concluded that additional research is required to develop better life-cycle models and tools to quantify the risks, costs, and benefits associated with highway bridges as well as their interrelationships in highway networks.
386 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a computer program for Life-Cycle Analysis of Deteriorating Structures (LCADS) is proposed to consider the effects of various types of actions on the reliability index profile of a group of deteriorating structures.
Abstract: The assessment of the current state and the prediction of the future condition of deteriorating structures are crucial processes in the management of civil infrastructure systems. Not only time-varying loads and resistances but also a series of maintenance interventions that are applied to keep structural systems safe and serviceable make the prediction process very difficult. In order to perform a realistic life-cycle analysis of deteriorating structures under different maintenance scenarios the uncertainties involved in this process have to be considered. This paper considers these uncertainties by providing a reliability-based framework and shows that the identification of the optimum maintenance scenario is a straightforward process. This is achieved by using a computer program for Life-Cycle Analysis of Deteriorating Structures (LCADS). This program can consider the effects of various types of actions on the reliability index profile of a group of deteriorating structures. Only the effect of maintena...
215 citations
TL;DR: An attempt to develop a new bridge management system (BMS) for deteriorated concrete bridges by evaluating the output results from a bridge rating expert system that is currently under development.
Abstract: Of late, the maintenance of bridges has become a major social concern, and thus the development of a practical bridge management system (BMS) is required. This paper describes a study that attempts to develop a new BMS for deteriorated concrete bridges by evaluating the output results from a bridge rating expert system currently under development. The proposed BMS offers various cost minimization and quality maximization. Genetic algorithms (GAs) are adopted for solving the optimization problem. These algorithms, which are based on the theory of evolution, create a suitable individual (optimal) solution through the repetition of 3 operators: selection, crossover, and mutation. Furthermore, applications to several existing concrete bridges are presented so as to demonstrate the validity of the proposed BMS.
162 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a framework in which not only the initial capital and discounted maintenance cost but also the discounted cost for seismic retrofit and damage/repair cost from seismic events can be combined for a more realistic life-cycle cost estimation for bridges that are located in earthquake-prone areas.
Abstract: Life-cycle cost is an important factor that should be estimated in the design and optimal management of infrastructure expected to be functional for a long period of time. In addition to initial construction cost, the estimation should include expenditures for maintenance, retrofit, and upgrading. This represents a relatively new concept whose application in the United States has been encouraged by passage of the 1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) for bridges. One problem associated with life-cycle cost estimation, as currently implemented, is that the costs associated with natural hazards, particularly future earthquakes, are not taken into consideration. The present paper provides a framework in which not only the initial capital and discounted maintenance cost but also the discounted cost for seismic retrofit and damage/repair cost from seismic events can be combined for a more realistic life-cycle cost estimation for bridges that are located in earthquake-prone areas. The framework provides economic insight into the various components of cost and identifies the specific information required for life-cycle cost estimation.
145 citations