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Courtyard as tropical hot humid passive design strategy: Case study of Indonesian contemporary houses in Surabaya Indonesia

TL;DR: In this article, the indoor air temperature reduction of 5 courtyard houses design of the contemporary boarding house in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, was investigated using field measurement, where each sensor was shaded with a paper cups wrapped with the aluminum foil to prevent the effect of direct thermal radiation.
Abstract: Courtyard in building contributes to indoor thermal environment. Courtyard element is commonly applied as passive cooling strategy in the design of boarding house in Indonesia. Courtyard has a potential aspect of being micro climate-modifier to reduce indoor air temperature during the day. This paper discusses the effects of courtyards on indoor thermal environment in Indonesian contemporary boarding houses using field measurement. This paper focuses on the indoor air temperature reduction of 5 courtyard houses design of the contemporary boarding house in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. The field experiment method was used for two physical environmental variables: the air temperature and relative humidity. Each sensor was shaded with a paper cups wrapped with the aluminum foil to prevent the effect of direct thermal radiation. Measurement was taken for approximately 23 days continuously in each building. The results of the measurement exposed that the form and enclosure element is pivotal in its thermal environment design consideration for tropical climate. Meanwhile, utilizing ventilation blocks as the primary enclosure also help reduce air temperature in hot-humid climates. The results showed that the indoor air temperatures in the courtyard and surrounding room were approximately 0.3-1.7°C lower than the outdoor air temperature during daytime. During night-time, indoor air temperatures inside swing to 0.8-1.9°C higher than the outdoor. The results of the thermal environment evaluation revealed that indoor air temperatures can be categorized as a neutral temperature of the measurement period. Therefore, the application of courtyards in contemporary boarding houses have proven as possible means of achieving sufficient cooling effects through full-day ventilation strategy, and showed improved performance when combined with ventilated blocks.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effectiveness of natural ventilation performance in terraced housing with an air-well system and found that the air temperature of the air well ranged from 27.48 °C to 30.92 °C, with a mean relative humidity of 72.67% to 79.25%.
Abstract: The provision requirement of 10% openings of the total floor area stated in the Uniform Building By-Law 1984 Malaysia is essential for natural lighting and ventilation purposes. However, focusing on natural ventilation, the effectiveness of thermal performance in landed residential buildings has never been empirically measured and proven, as most of the research emphasized simulation modeling lacking sufficient empirical validation. Therefore, this paper drawing on field measurement investigates natural ventilation performance in terraced housing with an air-well system. The key concern as to what extent the current air-well system serving as a ventilator is effective to provide better thermal performance is to be addressed. By adopting an existing single-story air-welled terrace house, indoor environmental conditions and thermal performance were monitored and measured using HOBO U12 air temperature and humidity, the HOBO U12 anemometer, and the Delta Ohm HD32.3 Wet Bulb Globe Temperature meter for a six-month duration. The results show that the air temperature of the air well ranged from 27.48 °C to 30.92 °C, with a mean relative humidity of 72.67% to 79.25%. The mean air temperature for a test room (single-sided ventilation room) ranged from 28.04 °C to 30.92 °C, with a relative humidity of 70.16% to 76.00%. These empirical findings are of importance, offering novel policy insights and suggestions. Since the minimum provision of 10% openings has been revealed to be less effective to provide desirable thermal performance and comfort, mandatory compliance with and the necessity of the bylaw requirement should be revisited.

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the authors presented numerical investigation of natural ventilation in atria of Southern Yangtze Dwellings using a validated Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model.

3 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined the current state of PDS adoption in such climates, and extracted relevant motivators, and challenges for non-adoption of passive design strategies.
Abstract: Growing concerns over high energy consumption and CO2 emissions from residential buildings have boosted the adoption of passive design strategies (PDS) globally, for their promising solution to address these issues, and also positively influencing occupant productivity. As such, many governments and organizations have developed relevant codes and procedures to encourage and enforce the adoption of PDS. Despite the increased focus, the adoption of PDS is still trailing behind in developing countries, particularly in a hot, dry and humid climate zone. This paper examines the current state of PDS adoption in such climates, and extracts relevant motivators, and challenges. The data was gathered through a structured review of literature. Initial results show the extraction of thirty-five motivators and forty-six challenges to PDS adoption. The key motivators include reduction in energy consumption and energy bills, while key challenges include high initial investment and lack of awareness. These are expected to generate a general awareness among stakeholders and allow a better understanding of the underlying issues for non-adoption of PDS. Future research will examine the extracted sets of motivators and challenges through a questionnaire survey in a hot, dry and humid climate zone.