COVID-19 and cardiac injury: clinical manifestations, biomarkers, mechanisms, diagnosis, treatment, and follow up.
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"COVID-19 and cardiac injury: clinic..." refers background in this paper
...Lei et al. reported that the potent neutralizing activity of IgG1 Fc-fused recombinant ACE2 proteins against SARS-CoV and COVID-19 in-vitro [91]....
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...ful transmission potential than SARS-CoV [7]....
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...In patients with a severe COVID-19 infection, there is an increase in the plasma concentrations of pro-inflammatory factors, such as IL-1β, interferon-γ, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, interferon-inducible protein-10, and activation of Th1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and granulocyte colonystimulating factor (G-CSF) [7]....
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...Abbreviations: ICU: An intensive care unit; 2019-nCoV: 2019 novel coronavirus; ACEI: ACE inhibitor; ACS: Acute coronary syndrome; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; AT1R: Ang II type 1 receptor; ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; ACC: American College of Cardiology; ACE: Angiotensin converting enzyme; Ang II: Angiotensin II; ARB: Angiotensin II receptor blocker; AV block: Atrioventricular block; CAD: Coronary artery disease; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; CT: Computerized tomography; CHF: Congestive heart failure; CHD: Coronary heart disease; CK-MB: Creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB; CRP: C-reactive protein; cTnI: Cardiac troponin I; EAT: Epicardial adipose tissue; ECMO: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; FDA: Food and Drug Administration; G-CSF: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; HFrEF: HF with a reduced ejection fraction; synhACE2: Human isoform of ACE2; IL: Interleukin; IABP: Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation; IP10: Interferon γ-induced protein 10 kDa; LPC: Lysophosphatidylcholine; Mas: Mitochondrial assembly receptor; MCP1: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MERS: Middle East respiratory syndrome; MIP1a: macrophage inflammatory protein 1a: MOF: Multiple organ failure; MI: Myocardial infarction; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; MYO: Myohemoglobin; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; PCPS: Percutaneous cardiopulmonary assistance; rhACE2: Recombinant human ACE2; SARS: Severe acute respiratory syndrome; Th: T helper; RAS: Renin-angiotensin system; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; WHO: World Health Organization....
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...Approximately 12% of COVID-19 patients have been found to have sustained acute heart injuries [7]....
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"COVID-19 and cardiac injury: clinic..." refers background in this paper
...ity has been shown in COVID-19 patients; specifically, they suffered acute myocarditis and acute myocardial infarction (MI), as well as rapid-onset heart failure [4]....
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...plications, as well as exhibit an elevation in high-sensitivity TnI levels [4]....
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...Among patients with serious symptoms of COVID-19, it has been found that 58% suffered from high blood pressure, 25% had heart disease, and 44% of them suffered from arrhythmia [4]....
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...36 patients with serious symptoms and treated in the ICU in Wuhan, China exhibited greater levels of biomarkers indicative of myocardial injuries [4]....
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...infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan found that 31% of the patients had hypertension and 15% had CVD [4]....
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