COVID-19 infection, progression, and vaccination: Focus on obesity and related metabolic disturbances.
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors discuss how obesity and related metabolic disturbances increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and how obesity potentially reduces long-term COVID-19 vaccination efficacy.Abstract:
Coronaviruses are constantly circulating in humans, causing common colds and mild respiratory infections. In contrast, infection with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), can cause additional severe complications, particularly in patients with obesity and associated metabolic disturbances. Obesity is a principal causative factor in the development of the metabolic syndrome; a series of physiological, biochemical, clinical, and metabolic factors that increase the risk of obesity-associated diseases. "Metabolically unhealthy" obesity is, in addition to metabolic disturbances, also associated with immunological disturbances. As such, patients with obesity are more prone to develop serious complications from infections, including those from SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we first describe how obesity and related metabolic disturbances increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Then, mechanisms contributing to COVID-19 complications and poor prognosis in these patients are discussed. Finally, we discuss how obesity potentially reduces long-term COVID-19 vaccination efficacy. Despite encouraging COVID-19 vaccination results in patients with obesity and related metabolic disturbances in the short-term, it is becoming increasingly evident that long-term COVID-19 vaccination efficacy should be closely monitored in this vulnerable group.read more
Citations
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Rapid Weight Loss, Central Obesity Improvement and Blood Glucose Reduction Are Associated with a Stronger Adaptive Immune Response Following COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine
Mikiko Watanabe,Angela Balena,Davide Masi,Rossella Tozzi,Renata Risi,Alessandra Caputi,Rebecca Rossetti,Maria Elena Spoltore,Filippo Biagi,Emanuela Anastasi,Antonio Angeloni,Stefania Mariani,Carla Lubrano,Dario Tuccinardi,Lucio Gnessi +14 more
TL;DR: Investigating the impact of rapid weight loss on the adaptive immune response in subjects with morbid obesity found obesity is associated with a reduced adaptive response to a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, and weight loss and metabolic improvement may reverse the effect.
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COVID-19 infection and body weight: A deleterious liaison in a J-curve relationship.
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship of COVID-19 and BMI has been shown to have a J-curve pattern, where patients with both overweight/obesity and underweight are more susceptible to the ailments of the virus.
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Obesity & COVID-19: mechanistic insights from adipose tissue
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Metabolite profile of COVID-19 revealed by UPLC-MS/MS-based widely targeted metabolomics
TL;DR: This study may broaden the understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of COVID-19 and may offer an experimental basis for developing novel treatment strategies against it.
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Risk Factors Influencing Seroconversion after Inactive SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in People Living with Obesity
TL;DR: SARS-CoV-2-Immunoglobulin G antibody levels against inactive (CoronaVac) vaccine were found to be lower in PwO compared to nonobese individuals, and booster doses should be delivered accordingly in PWO for optimal protection.
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