COVID-19, the Built Environment, and Health.
21 Jul 2021-Environmental Health Perspectives (Environmental Health Perspectives)-Vol. 129, Iss: 7, pp 75001
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe how the built environment has both affected infectious disease transmission and evolved in response to infectious diseases, and the COVID-19 illustrates both dynamic dynamics.
Abstract: Background: Since the dawn of cities, the built environment has both affected infectious disease transmission and evolved in response to infectious diseases. COVID-19 illustrates both dynamics. The...
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TL;DR: In this article , a study of 25 cities in 19 countries found that, despite many well intentioned policies, few cities had measurable standards and policy targets to achieve healthy and sustainable cities.
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TL;DR: In this paper , the authors synthesized the evidence about nature's contributions to health and wellbeing during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic and found that during the pandemic, people experienced multiple types of nature, including both outdoors and indoors.
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TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper used kernel density estimation (KDE) to explore spatial disparities of epidemic intensity and adopted geographically weighted regression (GWR) model to quantify influences of population dynamics, transportation, and social interactions on COVID-19 epidemic.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present neighborhood level results linking census tract-level built environment and active/sedentary travel measures with COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality rates in King County Washington.
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TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper used kernel density estimation (KDE) to explore spatial disparities of epidemic intensity and adopted geographically weighted regression (GWR) model to quantify influences of population dynamics, transportation, and social interactions on COVID-19 epidemic.
21 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review evidence that suggests that segregation is a primary cause of racial differences in socioeconomic status (SES) by determining access to education and employment opportunities, and conclude that effective efforts to eliminate racial disparities in health must seriously confront segregation and its pervasive consequences.
Abstract: Racial residential segregation is a fundamental cause of racial disparities in health. The physical separation of the races by enforced residence in certain areas is an institutional mechanism of racism that was designed to protect whites from social interaction with blacks. Despite the absence of supportive legal statutes, the degree of residential segregation remains extremely high for most African Americans in the United States. The authors review evidence that suggests that segregation is a primary cause of racial differences in socioeconomic status (SES) by determining access to education and employment opportunities. SES in turn remains a fundamental cause of racial differences in health. Segregation also creates conditions inimical to health in the social and physical environment. The authors conclude that effective efforts to eliminate racial disparities in health must seriously confront segregation and its pervasive consequences.
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TL;DR: The association between income deprivation and mortality differed significantly across the groups of exposure to green space for mortality from all causes and circulatory disease, but not from lung cancer or intentional self-harm, which suggests physical environments that promote good health might be important to reduce socioeconomic health inequalities.
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TL;DR: There is a significant relationship between air pollution and COVID-19 infection, which could partially explain the effect of national lockdown and provide implications for the control and prevention of this novel disease.
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TL;DR: The feasibility of working at home for all occupations is classified and it is found that 37% of jobs in the United States can be performed entirely at home, with significant variation across cities and industries.
742 citations