Cr(VI) and Cr(III) removal from aqueous solution by raw and modified lignocellulosic materials: a review.
TL;DR: This study is a review of the recent literature on the use of natural and modified lignocellulosic residues for Cr adsorption and finds that many by-products of agriculture have proved to be suitable low cost adsorbents for Cr(VI) and Cr(III) removal from water.
About: This article is published in Journal of Hazardous Materials.The article was published on 2010-08-15. It has received 782 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Waste disposal & Adsorption.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a sketch about treatment technologies followed by their heavy metal capture capacity from industrial effluent, the treatment performance, their remediation capacity and probable environmental and health impacts were deliberated in this review article.
Abstract: The controversy related to the environment pollution is increasing in human life and in the eco-system. Especially, the water pollution is growing rapidly due to the wastewater discharge from the industries. The only way to find the new water resource is the reuse of treated wastewater. Several remediation technologies are available which provides a convenience to reuse the reclaimed wastewater. Heavy metals like Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Hg, etc. contributes various environmental problems based on their toxicity. These toxic metals are exposed to human and environment, the accumulation of ions takes place which causes serious health and environmental hazards. Hence, it is a major concern in the environment. Due to this concern, the significance of developing technology for removing heavy metals has been increased. This paper contributes the outline of new literature with two objectives. First, it provides the sketch about treatment technologies followed by their heavy metal capture capacity from industrial effluent. The treatment performance, their remediation capacity and probable environmental and health impacts were deliberated in this review article. Conclusively, this review paper furnishes the information about the important methods incorporated in lab scale studies which are required to identify the feasible and convenient wastewater treatment. Moreover, attempts have been made to confer the emphasis on sequestration of heavy metals from industrial effluent and establish the scientific background for reducing the discharge of heavy metals into the environment.
1,040 citations
Cites background from "Cr(VI) and Cr(III) removal from aqu..."
...It causes skin inflammation, liver and kidney damage, pulmonary congestion, vomiting and the creation of ulcer [35,36]....
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...Chromium metal also acts as cleaning agents, titrating agents and additives in mold production and magnetic tape fabrication process etc [35]....
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TL;DR: It was demonstrated that amino-functionalized Ti(IV)-based MOFs could be promising visible-light photocatalysts for the treatment of Cr(VI)-contained wastewater.
591 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) was synthesized and used as an adsorbent for simultaneous removal of Cd(II) and ionic dyes including methylene blue (MB) and orange G (OG).
548 citations
Additional excerpts
...Many materials were used as adsorbents, such as activated carbon, agricultural and industrial residues, TiO2, chitosan-coated quartz sand, modified mesoporous silica, montmorillonite, and kaolinite [5–10]....
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TL;DR: This review focuses on the utilization of cellulose as an adsorbent in natural/modified form or as a precursor for activated carbon (AC) for adsorbing substances from water and reports a few controversies and unresolved questions concerning the preparation/properties of ACs from cellulose.
529 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of the development in the use of epichlorohydrin as a cross-linking agent for water-insoluble β-cyclodextrin based polymers.
369 citations
References
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TL;DR: The number and variety of known compounrjs between proteins and small molecules are increasing rapidly and make a fascinating story as discussed by the authors, and there are many compounds of serum albumin, which was used during the war by many chemists, most of whom found at least one 6ew compound.
Abstract: The number and variety of known compounrjs between proteins and small molecules are increasing rapidly and make a fascinating story. For instance, there are the compounds of iron, which is carried in our blood plasma by a globulin, two atoms of iron to each molecule of globulin held in a rather tight salt-lie binding? which is stored as ferric hydroxide by ferritin much as water is held by a sponge? and which functions in hemoglobin, four iron atoms in tight porphyrin complexes in each protein molecule. Or, there are many compounds of serum albumin, which was used during the war by many chemists, most of whom found at least one 6ew compound. This molecule, which has about a hundred carboxyl radicals, each of which can take on a proton, and about the same number of ammonium radicals, each of which can dissociate a proton, has one single radical which combines with mercuric ion so firmly that two albumin molecules will share one mercury atom if there are not enough to go a r ~ u n d . ~ At the present stage of rapid growth of known compounds, it seems more profitable for me to make no attempt to catalogue the various classes of compounds, but to discuss the general principles involved, in the hope that this will make more useful the information which is accumulating so rapidy from so many laboratories. We want to know of each molecule or ion whicb can combine with a protein molecule, /‘How many? How tightly? Where? Why?” The answer to the first two questions, and sometimes to the third, can be furnished by the physical chemist, but he will often need to team with an organic chemist to determine the effect of altering specified groups to find if they are reactive. The determination of function iç a complicated problem which may be the business of the physiologist or physiological chemist. But the answers to both of the more complicated problems will depend on the answers to the simpler questions, “HOW many?” and “How tightly bound?” If the various groups on a protein molecule act independently, we can apply the law of mass action as though each group were on a separate molecule,4 and the strength of binding can be expressed as the constant for each group. Often, a single constant will express the behavior of severa1 groups. If the constants are widely spread, as those for the reaction of hydrogen ion with carboxylate ions, with imidazoles and with amines, the interpretation is simple. If the separation is less, it is very difficult to distinguish the case of different intrinsic affinities from the case of interaction among the groups. We know that such interaction occurs in simple moleculeç in which a reac-
20,127 citations
"Cr(VI) and Cr(III) removal from aqu..." refers background in this paper
...[104] F.W. Dahlquist, The meaning of Scatchard and Hill plots, in: C.H.W. Hirs, S.N. Timasheff (Eds.)...
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...Interpretation f Dahlquist [104] and Scatchard [105] models confirmed binding ite heterogeneity, due to the fact that the plot Qe/Ce vs Qe was concave curve instead of a straight one....
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...[105] G. Scatchard, The attractions of proteins for small molecules and ions, Ann....
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TL;DR: The technical feasibility of various low-cost adsorbents for heavy metal removal from contaminated water has been reviewed and it is evident from the literature survey of about 100 papers that low- cost adsorbent have demonstrated outstanding removal capabilities for certain metal ions as compared to activated carbon.
3,072 citations
"Cr(VI) and Cr(III) removal from aqu..." refers background in this paper
...There are excellent reviews on heavy metal removal from wastewaters by the use of low cost adsorbents [4,11,12], in particular, by chemically modified plant wastes [13], by agro-based waste materials [14], by plants and lignocellulosic agrowastes [7]....
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TL;DR: The use of low-cost sorbents has been investigated as a replacement for current costly methods of removing heavy metals from solution as mentioned in this paper, where natural materials or waste products from certain industries with a high capacity for heavy metals can be obtained, employed and disposed of with little cost.
3,026 citations
"Cr(VI) and Cr(III) removal from aqu..." refers background in this paper
...There are excellent reviews on heavy metal removal from wastewaters by the use of low cost adsorbents [4,11,12], in particular, by chemically modified plant wastes [13], by agro-based waste materials [14], by plants and lignocellulosic agrowastes [7]....
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2,388 citations
1,885 citations