Creació d’un banc del temps per a la reinserció social de les (ex)recluses

Sistema de clasificación penitenciaria y el «periodo de seguridad» del art. 36.2 CP

Abstract: En el cumplimiento de pena privativa de libertad rige actualmente en Espana un sistema progresivo de individualizacion cientifica. No obstante, se ha ido incorporando en los ultimos anos, mediante varias reformas del CP y de la legislacion penitenciaria, un excepcional sistema progresivo objetivo. En lo relativo al sistema de clasificacion penitenciara ello se plasma en el establecimiento de un «periodo de seguridad» (cuando la pena de prision impuesta sea superior a 5 anos se requiere el cumplimiento de la mitad de la misma para acceder al tercer grado con independencia de la evolucion del interno). En el texto se analiza el modo en que esta medida afecta al principio de resocializacion asi como otros aspectos problematicos: el computo de la pena que se va a utilizar como referencia para medir la duracion del periodo de seguridad o su alcance a enfermos graves con padecimientos incurables.

La classificació inicial en règim obert dels condemnats a presó

Abstract: La classificacio dels interns penats en algun dels graus penitenciaris previstos a l’ordenament juridic espanyol es una de les funcions i tasques de l’Administracio penitenciaria. La classificacio inicial en regim obert es una d’aquestes possibles modalitats de classificacio per a un determinat conjunt de persones que complien els requisits. Aquesta modalitat de classificacio ha estat fins ara poc coneguda i sovint incompresa per part de la societats, ja que s’associa amb la llibertat definitiva de l’intern sense cap tipus de control. La finalitat de la recerca es precisament donar a coneixer els resultats d’aquesta aplicacio en el conjunt de penats que l’any 2001 varen accedir a aquesta modalitat i se’ls va seguir fins a octubre de 2005, per saber la seva trajectoria i s’hi havia reincidit. Tambe es va constituir un grup de contrast amb interns classificats en segon grau, per contrastar les diferencies entre ambdos col·lectius.

Transitions from Prison to Community: Understanding Individual Pathways

Abstract: ▪ Abstract In 2002, over 600,000 individuals left state and federal prisons, four times as many as were released in 1975. However, according to a national study, within 3 years, almost 7 in 10 will have been rearrested and half will be back in prison, either for a new crime or for violating conditions of their release. Clearly, an individual's transition from prison back into a home and into a community is difficult, and avoiding crime can be the least of his or her problems. Understanding these pathways and the reasons for and the dimensions of an individual's success or failure is the focus of recent scholarly attention to the problem of “prisoner reentry,” the process of leaving prison and returning to free society. However, most of the existing research on prisoners' lives after release focuses solely on recidivism and ignores the reality that recidivism is directly affected by postprison reintegration and adjustment, which, in turn, depends on four sets of factors: personal and situational characteri...

Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary

Abstract: The introduction of an inspectorate followed the passing of the County and Borough Police Act in 1856. This Act was important because through it Parliament acknowledged that central government had a responsibility to ensure that a regular law enforcement agency was established in every county and borough throughout the Kingdom and that it had a responsibility to ensure that all police forces were operating in an efficient manner. The Inspectors of Constabulary were introduced to ensure that local authorities complied with the statutory requirement to establish police forces and that those forces maintained a minimum standard of efficiency. They were also authorised to see that the newly introduced government grant (originally 25 per cent but increased to 50 per cent in 1874 and 51 per cent in 1986) was both deserved and properly applied.

Engagement of the elderly in time banking: the potential for social capital generation in an aging society.

Abstract: Community currency systems attempt to empower the economically marginalized and build social capital. This research explores the role of the elderly in a local voluntary organization. The elderly are potentially very important contributors, yet we know little about their participation in these local exchange networks. Eighty-seven months' worth of transaction data from a "time bank," which has had a total of 950 members, was examined in social network analyses. Measures of quantitative engagement in the system were constructed. The elderly were found to be as active as other members. Qualitative characteristics of the network were also explored. The organization is rather homogeneous, yet exchanges within it tend to connect diverse actors. Male and female seniors undertransact with themselves and with one another, generating bridging social capital. The evidence presented suggests that the participation of the elderly in local currencies is mutually beneficial.

Time banking and health: the role of a community currency organization in enhancing well-being.

Abstract: Time banking is an international movement that seeks to transform traditional asymmetric social service models into social networks in which members both provide and receive services that are assigned equal value. Time banks have been shown to enhance social capital, and there is some evidence for improved health. This article, based on a survey of 160 members of a hospital-affiliated time bank, examines the likelihood and predictors of improvement in physical and mental health as a result of membership. Men, people with lower income, and those who were not working full-time reported highest levels of participation in exchanging services; attachment to the organization was greatest among women, older members, people with less education, and those with the highest participation levels. Multivariate analyses revealed that physical health improvement attributed to membership was significantly predicted by attachment to the organization and living alone; mental health gains were predicted by general health changes, average number of exchanges, and attachment to the organization. We conclude that a sense of belonging, a dimension of social capital, is key to improved well-being and that time banking may be particularly valuable in promoting health and belonging among older and lower-income individuals and those who live alone.