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Journal ArticleDOI

Cross-cultural issues in European bioethics.

01 Jul 1999-Bioethics (Bioethics)-Vol. 13, pp 249-255
TL;DR: Three 'different voices' within European bioethics can be identified: the deontological codes of southern Europe, the liberal, rights-based models of Western Europe, and the social welfarist models of the Nordic countries.
Abstract: European biomedical ethics is often contrasted to American autonomy-based approaches, and both are usually distinguished as 'Western'. But at least three 'different voices' within European bioethics can be identified: the deontological codes of southern Europe (and Ireland), in which the patient has a positive duty to maximise his or her own health and to follow the doctor's instructions, whilst the physician is constrained more by professional norms than by patient rights; the liberal, rights-based models of Western Europe, in which the patient retains the negative right to override medical opinion, even if his or her mental capacity is in doubt; the social welfarist models of the Nordic countries, which concentrate on positive rights and entitlements to universal healthcare provision and entrust dispute resolution to non-elected administrative officials.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This Review presents a high-level synthesis of global gender data, summarise progress towards gender equality in science, medicine, and global health, review the evidence for why gender Equality in these fields matters in terms of health and social outcomes, and reflect on strategies to promote change.

265 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The most effective method of increasing the use of ADs is the combination of informative material and repeated conversations over clinical visits, and the majority of the studies identify multiple sessions as the mosteffective method for direct interaction between patients and health care professionals.

96 citations


Cites background from "Cross-cultural issues in European b..."

  • ...However, adherence to this trend has proven slower in Europe [10], probably due to the idiosyncratic development of bioethics on this continent [11]....

    [...]

Book
20 Feb 2012
TL;DR: Wolff as mentioned in this paper explores the philosophical underpinnings of the right to health, assesses whether health meets those criteria, and identifies the political and cultural realities we face in attempts to improve the health of citizens in wildly different regions.
Abstract: Few topics in human rights have inspired as much debate as the right to health. Proponents would enshrine it as a fundamental right on a par with freedom of speech and freedom from torture. Detractors suggest that the movement constitutes an impractical over-reach. Jonathan Wolff cuts through the ideological stalemate to explore both views. In an accessible, persuasive voice, he explores the philosophical underpinnings of the idea of a human right, assesses whether health meets those criteria, and identifies the political and cultural realities we face in attempts to improve the health of citizens in wildly different regions. Wolff ultimately finds that there is a path forward for proponents of the right to health, but to succeed they must embrace certain intellectual and practical changes. The Human Right to Health is a powerful and important contribution to the discourse on global health.

74 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a “transcultural” approach to bioethics and cultural studies is proposed, which takes seriously the challenges offered by social sciences, anthropology in particular, towards the development of new methodologies for comparative and globalBioethics.
Abstract: From the outset, cross-cultural and transglobal bioethics has constituted a potent arena for a dynamic public discourse and academic debate alike. But prominent bioethical debates on such issues as the notion of common morality and a distinctive “Asian” bioethics in contrast to a “Western” one reveal some deeply rooted and still popular but seriously problematic methodological habits in approaching cultural differences, most notably, radically dichotomizing the East and the West, the local and the universal. In this paper, a “transcultural” approach to bioethics and cultural studies is proposed. It takes seriously the challenges offered by social sciences, anthropology in particular, towards the development of new methodologies for comparative and global bioethics. The key methodological elements of “transculturalism” include acknowledging the great internal plurality within every culture; highlighting the complexity of cultural differences; upholding the primacy of morality; incorporating a reflexive theory of social power; and promoting changes or progress towards shared and sometimes new moral values.

47 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Court of Appeal held that an autistic man was unlawfully detained, and that patients who lack capacity to consent to hospital admission cannot receive treatment for mental disorder as informal patients, and the judgement may be overturned following further review in the House of Lords.
Abstract: The case of L. u. Bournewood Community Trust concerned an autistic man without the capacity to consent to admission, who was admitted informally to a learning-disability hospital. The Court of Appeal (and therefore the law at present) held that he was unlawfully detained, and that patients who lack capacity to consent to hospital admission cannot receive treatment for mental disorder as informal patients. The judgement may be overturned following further review in the House of Lords. The National Health Service (NHS) Executive has informed health authorities, trusts, social services departments, the Mental Health Act Commission and the relevant Royal Colleges that "the judgement has very significant implications

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
23 Apr 1994-BMJ
TL;DR: It was evident from the log that this mother was frequently away from the observation cubicle, and it was evident that she took baby out of cot at 18 58 on 17 July 1992.
Abstract: surveillance reported that at 18 58 on 17 July 1992 \"mum takes baby out of cot.\" Parents are always encouraged to be with and care for their children, but they are not expected to be the sole carer and thereby excluded from taking meals. It was evident from the log that this mother was frequently away from the observation cubicle. If she wishes her complaints to be investigated formally, she should use available procedures. To date we have initiated covert video surveillance in 34 cases where suffocation or other life threatening abuse was suspected. Abuse was confirmed in 30 cases, and in one further instance a mother confessed to the murder of two previous siblings. In the remaining three cases the parents were aware, before admission for surveillance, that suspicions of suffocation existed. Two of these three patients were taken into care on other grounds and have suffered no further life threatening episodes.

1 citations