Cross-layering in mobile ad hoc network design
TL;DR: The mobile ad hoc network researchers face the challenge of achieving full functionality with good performance while linking the new technology to the rest of the Internet, and the MobileMan cross-layer architecture offers an alternative.
Abstract: Mobile ad hoc network researchers face the challenge of achieving full functionality with good performance while linking the new technology to the rest of the Internet. A strict layered design is not flexible enough to cope with the dynamics of manet environments, however, and will prevent performance optimizations. The MobileMan cross-layer architecture offers an alternative to the pure layered approach that promotes stricter local interaction among protocols in a manet node.
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01 Oct 2004
TL;DR: S sensor-actor and actor-actor coordination is explored and research challenges for coordination and communication problems are described.
Abstract: Wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs) refer to a group of sensors and actors linked by wireless medium to perform distributed sensing and acting tasks. The realization of wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs) needs to satisfy the requirements introduced by the coexistence of sensors and actors. In WSANs, sensors gather information about the physical world, while actors take decisions and then perform appropriate actions upon the environment, which allows a user to effectively sense and act from a distance. In order to provide effective sensing and acting, coordination mechanisms are required among sensors and actors. Moreover, to perform right and timely actions, sensor data must be valid at the time of acting. This paper explores sensor-actor and actor-actor coordination and describes research challenges for coordination and communication problems.
1,624 citations
Cites background or methods from "Cross-layering in mobile ad hoc net..."
...In the case of high congestion, MAC layer reacts locally by exponential back-off [7], while transport layer reacts by lowering the transmission rates of sensors....
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...For actor-actor communication, routing protocols developed for ad-hoc networks such as DSR, AODV, OLSR [7] can be used as long as they are improved so that real-time requirements are met and communication overhead occurring at sensor nodes due to actor-actor communication is low....
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05 Dec 2005
TL;DR: This work adopts here an interference-aware cross-layer design to increase the throughput of the wireless mesh network and creates a tree-based routing framework, which along with scheduling is interference aware and results in a much higher spectral efficiency.
Abstract: The IEEE 802.16 WiMax standard provides a mechanism for creating multi-hop mesh, which can be deployed as a high speed wide-area wireless network To realize the full potential of such high-speed IEEE 802.16 mesh networks, two efficient wireless radio resource allocation extensions were developed The objective of this paper is to propose an efficient approach for increasing the utilization of WiMax mesh through appropriate design of multi-hop routing and scheduling. As multiple-access interference is a major limiting factor for wireless communication systems, we adopt here an interference-aware cross-layer design to increase the throughput of the wireless mesh network. In particular, our scheme creates a tree-based routing framework, which along with scheduling is interference aware and results in a much higher spectral efficiency. Performance evaluation results show that the proposed interference-aware scheme achieves significant throughput enhancement over the basic IEEE 802.16 mesh network.
337 citations
Cites background from "Cross-layering in mobile ad hoc net..."
...Cross-layer design and optimization is known to improve the performance of wireless communication and mobile networks [3,4]....
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TL;DR: It is shown that, although pure general-purpose MANET (mobile ad hoc networks) does not yet exist in the real world, the multihop ad hoc networking paradigm was successfully applied in several classes of networks that are penetrating the mass market.
Abstract: In this article we show that, although pure general-purpose MANET (mobile ad hoc networks) does not yet exist in the real world, the multihop ad hoc networking paradigm was successfully applied in several classes of networks that are penetrating the mass market. We present as examples mesh, opportunistic, vehicular, and sensor networks, where the multi-hop ad hoc paradigm is applied in a pragmatic way to extend the Internet and/or to support well-defined application requirements. We contrast these successful areas of ad hoc networking to the lack of impact of pure general-purpose MANET, demonstrating how a more pragmatic approach is a winner
258 citations
Cites background from "Cross-layering in mobile ad hoc net..."
...and WSN. CONTI2 LAYOUT 3/23/07 8:50 AM Page 89 the cross layering principle [ 7 ]....
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TL;DR: This survey considers the transition of the Internet from a reliable fault-tolerant network for host-to-host communication to a content-centric network, i.e. a network mostly devoted to support efficient generation, sharing and access to content.
224 citations
Cites background or methods from "Cross-layering in mobile ad hoc net..."
...The proposal in [361] is to augment conventional stacks with a Network Status vertical layer (NeSt)....
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...Architectures like the one proposed in [361] allow mobile network protocols to gain from crosslayer interactions, without incurring in the maintenance problems of spaghetti-like architectures, which have been highlighted in [362]....
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TL;DR: This paper proposes an adaptive and cross-layer framework for reliable and energy-efficient data collection in WSNs based on the IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee standards, and proposes a low-complexity distributed algorithm, called ADaptive Access Parameters Tuning (ADAPT), that can effectively meet the application-specific reliability under a wide range of operating conditions.
Abstract: A major concern in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is energy conservation, since battery-powered sensor nodes are expected to operate autonomously for a long time, e.g., for months or even years. Another critical aspect of WSNs is reliability, which is highly application-dependent. In most cases it is possible to trade-off energy consumption and reliability in order to prolong the network lifetime, while satisfying the application requirements. In this paper we propose an adaptive and cross-layer framework for reliable and energy-efficient data collection in WSNs based on the IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee standards. The framework involves an energy-aware adaptation module that captures the application's reliability requirements, and autonomously configures the MAC layer based on the network topology and the traffic conditions in order to minimize the power consumption. Specifically, we propose a low-complexity distributed algorithm, called ADaptive Access Parameters Tuning (ADAPT), that can effectively meet the application-specific reliability under a wide range of operating conditions, for both single-hop and multi-hop networking scenarios. Our solution can be integrated into WSNs based on IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee without requiring any modification to the standards. Simulation results show that ADAPT is very energy-efficient, with near-optimal performance.
171 citations
References
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01 Jul 2003
TL;DR: The important role that mobile ad hoc networks play in the evolution of future wireless technologies is explained and the latest research activities in these areas are reviewed, including a summary of MANETs characteristics, capabilities, applications, and design constraints.
Abstract: Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) represent complex distributed systems that comprise wireless mobile nodes that can freely and dynamically self-organize into arbitrary and temporary, ‘‘ad-hoc’’ network topologies, allowing people and devices to seamlessly internetwork in areas with no pre-existing communication infrastructure, e.g., disaster recovery environments. Ad hoc networking concept is not a new one, having been around in various forms for over 20 years. Traditionally, tactical networks have been the only communication networking application that followed the ad hoc paradigm. Recently, the introduction of new technologies such as the Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 and Hyperlan are helping enable eventual commercial MANET deployments outside the military domain. These recent evolutions have been generating a renewed and growing interest in the research and development of MANET. This paper attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of this dynamic field. It first explains the important role that mobile ad hoc networks play in the evolution of future wireless technologies. Then, it reviews the latest research activities in these areas, including a summary of MANETs characteristics, capabilities, applications, and design constraints. The paper concludes by presenting a set of challenges and problems requiring further research in the future. � 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1,430 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that cross-layer design of these protocols is imperative to meet emerging application requirements, particularly when energy is a limited resource.
Abstract: Ad hoc wireless networks enable new and exciting applications, but also pose significant technical challenges. In this article we give a brief overview of ad hoc wireless networks and their applications with a particular emphasis on energy constraints. We then discuss advances in the link, multiple access, network, and application protocols for these networks. We show that cross-layer design of these protocols is imperative to meet emerging application requirements, particularly when energy is a limited resource.
1,057 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the current version of this wireless LAN protocol does not function well in multihop ad hoc networks, and it is doubt whether the WaveLAN-based system is workable as a mobile ad hoc testbed.
Abstract: The IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol is the standard for wireless LANs; it is widely used in testbeds and simulations for wireless multihop ad hoc networks. However, this protocol was not designed for multihop networks. Although it can support some ad hoc network architecture, it is not intended to support the wireless mobile ad hoc network, in which multihop connectivity is one of the most prominent features. In this article we focus on the following question: can the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol function well in multihop networks? By presenting several serious problems encountered in an IEEE 802.11-based multihop network and revealing the in-depth cause of these problems, we conclude that the current version of this wireless LAN protocol does not function well in multihop ad hoc networks. We thus doubt whether the WaveLAN-based system is workable as a mobile ad hoc testbed.
984 citations
TL;DR: It is argued that it behooves to exercise caution while engaging in cross-layer design, because unbridled cross- layer design can lead to spaghetti design, which can stifle further innovation and be difficult to upkeep.
Abstract: Recently, in an effort to improve the performance of wireless networks, there has been increased interest in protocols that rely on interactions between different layers. However, such cross-layer design can run at cross purposes with sound and longer-term architectural principles, and lead to various negative consequences. This motivates us to step back and reexamine holistically the issue of cross-layer design and its architectural ramifications. We contend that a good architectural design leads to proliferation and longevity, and illustrate this with some historical examples. Even though the wireless medium is fundamentally different from the wired one, and can offer undreamt of modalities of cooperation, we show that the conventional layered architecture is a reasonable way to operate wireless networks, and is in fact optimal up to an order. However the temptation and perhaps even the need to optimize by incorporating cross-layer adaptation cannot be ignored, so we examine the issues involved. We show that unintended cross-layer interactions can have undesirable consequences on overall system performance. We illustrate them by certain cross-layer schemes loosely based on recent proposals. We attempt to distill a few general principles for cross-layer design. Moreover, unbridled cross-layer design can lead to spaghetti design, which can stifle further innovation and be difficult to upkeep. At a critical time when wireless networks may be on the cusp of massive proliferation, the architectural considerations may be paramount. We argue that it behooves us to exercise caution while engaging in cross-layer design.
813 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2010TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a model for wireless ad-hoc networks with a view of 4G wireless: Imperatives and challenges. But the authors do not discuss the security aspects of ad hoc networks.
Abstract: Contributors.Preface.1. Mobile Ad-Hoc networking with a View of 4G Wireless: Imperatives and Challenges (J. Liu & I. Chlamtac).2. Off-the-Shelf Enables of Ad Hoc Networks (G. Zaruba & S. Das).3. IEEE 802.11 in Ad Hoc Networks: Protocols, Performance and Open Issues (G. Anastasi, et al.).4. Scatternet Formation in Bluetooth Networks (S. Basagni, et al.).5. Antenna Beamforming and Power Control for Ad Hoc Networks (R. Ramanathan).6. Topology Control in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (X. Li).7. Broadcasting and Activity Scheduling in Ad Hoc Networks (I. Stojmenovic & J. Wu).8. Location Discovery (A. Savvidesn & M. Srivastava).9. Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs): Routing Technology for Dynamic, Wireless Networking (J. Macker & M. Corson).10. Routing Approaches in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (E. Belding-Royer).11. Energy-Efficient Communication in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks (L. Feeney).12. Ad Hoc Networks Security (P. Michiardi & R. Molva).13. Self-Organized and Cooperative Ad Hoc Networking (S. Giordano & A. Urpi).14. Simulation and Modeling of Wireless, Mobile, and Ad Hoc Networks (A. Boukerche & L. Bononi).15. Modeling Cross-Layering Interaction Using Inverse Optimization (V. Syrotiuk & A.Bikki).16. Algorithmic Challenges in Ad Hoc Networks (A. Farago).Index.About the Editors.
757 citations