Crustacea Decapoda Brachyura
About: This article is published in Chesapeake Science.The article was published on 1970-03-01. It has received 135 citations till now.
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TL;DR: The authors compared ecological characteristics of three spatially independent invasions of the European green crab Carcinus maenas to determine which characteristics were most consistent across invasions, and hence would be most predictable in future invasions.
325 citations
TL;DR: The second episode of Carcinus global dispersal, the period from the 1850s to 1870s, may be part of a broader surge of world-wide invasions caused by an increase in shipping.
Abstract: Aim This paper evaluates global collection records, evidence of anthropogenic transport methods, and experimental and distributional data relative to temperature requirements to understand the historical and potential dispersal of a well-known genus of estuarine crab. Location The records analysed are from temperate and tropical coastal ocean areas. Methods The study is based primarily on literature analysis and examination of museum specimens. Results The human-mediated successful global dispersal of the European shore crabs Carcinus maenas (Linnaeus, 1758) and C. aestuarii (Nardo, 1847) occurred in three major episodes: around 1800, in the 1850s–70s, and in the 1980s–90s. The nineteenth century introductions occurred through transport by ships (probably in hull fouling or in solid ballast), while the introductions in the 1980s could have occurred through a greater variety of dispersal mechanisms (ships hull fouling and seawater system fouling; fouling on semisubmersible drilling platforms; ballast water; transport with fisheries products intended for food or bait; scientific research; releases from aquaria maintained for educational or scientific purposes; or intentional non-governmental releases for human food production). These introductions have resulted in Carcinus establishment in five temperate regions outside of its native Europe in Atlantic North America, Australia, South Africa, Japan and Pacific North America, while releases into tropical regions have not established populations. C. maenas range in both its native and introduced regions appears to be regulated by similar temperature parameters, enabling an assessment of its potential distribution. Main conclusions The second episode of Carcinus global dispersal, the period from the 1850s to 1870s, may be part of a broader surge of world-wide invasions caused by an increase in shipping.
298 citations
Cites background from "Crustacea Decapoda Brachyura"
...Native to the Atlantic coast of Europe and Great Britain north to Iceland, the North Sea and Norway to just north of 70 N latitude (Christiansen, 1969); south to Portugal and Spain, and thence to Morocco and the northern border of Mauritania (Monod, 1956, 1967; Forest & Gantes, 1960)....
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01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: A critical component of interpreting community structure is a detailed understanding of the ecological and evolutionary history of the assemblage of species in question as mentioned in this paper, and there are compelling reasons to understand, and seek to measure, how communities have changed over both evolutionary (geological) and ecological (historical) time.
Abstract: A critical component of – and a limitation on – interpreting community structure is a detailed understanding of the ecological and evolutionary history of the assemblage of species in question. There are thus compelling reasons to understand, and seek to measure, how communities have changed over both evolutionary (geological) and ecological (historical) time. Vast waves of change have swept across the Earth in the past one to two millennia as waves of humans invaded across the planet in sequential episodes of exploration, colonization, and urbanization. As an expected and inexorable result of human activity, alterations in biodiversity have impacted terrestrial, freshwater, and marine communities. These alterations include the addition of species (invasions), the deletion of species (extinctions), and altered population dynamics (such as decreasing or increasing the abundance of a species, or altering genetic structure). In even seemingly “pristine” areas – such as wave-exposed high-energy rocky intertidal shores – it is no longer tenable to assume that communities and ecosystems have remained unaltered, in part because of supply-side impacts – impacts that are the indirect cascades of human activity originating outside of the area in question (e.g., Butman et al. 1995; Chap. 7, Johnston et al.). Three (among a number of) reasons drive the interest to understand the first of these alterations – the role of invasions in historical time:
199 citations
01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: Three (among a number of) reasons drive the interest to understand the first of these alterations – the role of invasions in historical time.
Abstract: A critical component of – and a limitation on – interpreting community structure is a detailed understanding of the ecological and evolutionary history of the assemblage of species in question. There are thus compelling reasons to understand, and seek to measure, how communities have changed over both evolutionary (geological) and ecological (historical) time. Vast waves of change have swept across the Earth in the past one to two millennia as waves of humans invaded across the planet in sequential episodes of exploration, colonization, and urbanization. As an expected and inexorable result of human activity, alterations in biodiversity have impacted terrestrial, freshwater, and marine communities. These alterations include the addition of species (invasions), the deletion of species (extinctions), and altered population dynamics (such as decreasing or increasing the abundance of a species, or altering genetic structure). In even seemingly “pristine” areas – such as wave-exposed high-energy rocky intertidal shores – it is no longer tenable to assume that communities and ecosystems have remained unaltered, in part because of supply-side impacts – impacts that are the indirect cascades of human activity originating outside of the area in question (e.g., Butman et al. 1995; Chap. 7, Johnston et al.). Three (among a number of) reasons drive the interest to understand the first of these alterations – the role of invasions in historical time:
198 citations
TL;DR: The high sensitivity of megalopae from the Svalbard population to warming and of those from Helgoland to enhanced CO(2) levels suggests that this larval instar is a physiologically sensitive bottleneck within the life cycle of H. araneus.
Abstract: The combined effects of predicted ocean acidification and global warming on the larvae of the cold-eurythermal spider crab Hyas araneus L. were investigated in 2 populations: a southern-most around Helgoland (North Sea, 54 degrees N) and a northernmost at Svalbard (North Atlantic, 79 degrees N). Larvae were exposed at temperatures of 3, 9 and 15 degrees C to present day normocapnia (380 ppm CO(2)) and to CO(2) conditions predicted for the near or medium-term future (710 ppm by the year 2100, 3000 ppm by 2300 and beyond). Larval development time, growth and C/N ratio were studied in the larval stages Zoea I, II, and Megalopa. Permanent differences in instar duration between both populations were detected in all stages, likely as a result of evolutionary temperature adaptation. With the exception of Zoea II at 3 degrees C and under all CO(2) conditions, development in all instars from Svalbard was delayed compared to those from Helgoland. Most prominently, development was much longer and fewer specimens morphosed to the first crab instar in the Megalopa from Svalbard than from Helgoland. Enhanced CO(2) levels (particularly 3000 ppm) extended the duration of larval development and reduced larval growth (measured as dry mass) and fitness (decreasing C/N ratio, a proxy of the lipid content). Such effects were strongest in the zoeal stages of Svalbard larvae, and during the Megalopa instar of Helgoland larvae. The high sensitivity of megalopae from the Svalbard population to warming and of those from Helgoland to enhanced CO(2) levels suggests that this larval instar is a physiologically sensitive bottleneck within the life cycle of H. araneus.
155 citations
References
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01 Jan 1834
818 citations
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149 citations
01 Apr 1858
TL;DR: In this article, a monograph of the fossil Malacostracous Crustacea of Great Britain is presented, with a detailed discussion of the relationships between the two species.
Abstract: (1858). A Monograph of the Fossil Malacostracous Crustacea of Great Britain. Part I. Crustacea of the London Clay. Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society: Vol. 10, No. 40, pp. i-44.
133 citations