Journal ArticleDOI
Crystal Engineering: A Holistic View
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TLDR
Among the topics discussed are the nature of intermolecular interactions and their role in crystal design, the sometimes diverging perceptions of the geometrical and chemical models for a molecular crystal, the relationship of these models to polymorphism, knowledge-based computational prediction of crystal structures, and efforts at mapping the pathway of the crystallization reaction.Abstract:
Crystal engineering, the design of molecular solids, is the synthesis of functional solid-state structures from neutral or ionic building blocks, using intermolecular interactions in the design strategy. Hydrogen bonds, coordination bonds, and other less directed interactions define substructural patterns, referred to in the literature as supramolecular synthons and secondary building units. Crystal engineering has considerable overlap with supramolecular chemistry, X-ray crystallography, materials science, and solid-state chemistry and yet it is a distinct discipline in itself. The subject goes beyond the traditional divisions of organic, inorganic, and physical chemistry, and this makes for a very eclectic blend of ideas and techniques. The purpose of this Review is to highlight some current challenges in this rapidly evolving subject. Among the topics discussed are the nature of intermolecular interactions and their role in crystal design, the sometimes diverging perceptions of the geometrical and chemical models for a molecular crystal, the relationship of these models to polymorphism, knowledge-based computational prediction of crystal structures, and efforts at mapping the pathway of the crystallization reaction.read more
Citations
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Hirshfeld surface analysis
TL;DR: In the last few years, the analysis of molecular crystal structures using tools based on Hirshfeld surfaces has rapidly gained in popularity as mentioned in this paper, which represents an attempt to venture beyond the current paradigm of nuclear distances and angles, crystal packing diagrams with molecules represented via various models, and to view molecules as organic wholes.
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Design and synthesis of metal-organic frameworks using metal-organic polyhedra as supermolecular building blocks.
TL;DR: This critical review highlights supermolecular building blocks (SBBs) in the context of their impact upon the design, synthesis, and structure of metal-organic materials (MOMs) by highlighting how the large size and high symmetry of such SBBs can afford improved control over the topology of the resulting MOM and a new level of scale to the resulting framework.
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Crystal engineering: from molecule to crystal.
TL;DR: This Perspective provides a brief historical introduction to crystal engineering itself and an assessment of the importance and utility of the supramolecular synthon, which is one of the most important concepts in the practical use and implementation of crystal design.
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Directed self-assembly of a colloidal kagome lattice
TL;DR: This paper shows how colloidal spheres can be induced to self-assemble into a complex predetermined colloidal crystal—in this case a colloidal kagome lattice—through decoration of their surfaces with a simple pattern of hydrophobic domains, and encodes the target supracolloidal architecture.
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Structure:function relationships in molecular spin-crossover complexes
TL;DR: This critical review presents a survey of molecular spin-crossover compounds with good availability of crystallographic data and indicates that changes in molecular shape between the high- and low-spin states can play an important role in determining the existence and the cooperativity of a thermal spin-transition in the solid state.
References
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Functional porous coordination polymers.
TL;DR: The aim is to present the state of the art chemistry and physics of and in the micropores of porous coordination polymers, and the next generation of porous functions based on dynamic crystal transformations caused by guest molecules or physical stimuli.
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Reticular synthesis and the design of new materials
Omar M. Yaghi,Michael O'Keeffe,Nathan W. Ockwig,Hee K. Chae,Hee K. Chae,Mohamed Eddaoudi,Jaheon Kim +6 more
TL;DR: This work has shown that highly porous frameworks held together by strong metal–oxygen–carbon bonds and with exceptionally large surface area and capacity for gas storage have been prepared and their pore metrics systematically varied and functionalized.
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From molecules to crystal engineering: supramolecular isomerism and polymorphism in network solids.
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The hydrogen bond in the solid state.
TL;DR: The hydrogen bond is the most important of all directional intermolecular interactions, operative in determining molecular conformation, molecular aggregation, and the function of a vast number of chemical systems ranging from inorganic to biological.
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Modular chemistry: secondary building units as a basis for the design of highly porous and robust metal-organic carboxylate frameworks.
Mohamed Eddaoudi,David B. Moler,Hailian Li,Banglin Chen,Theresa M. Reineke,Michael O'Keeffe,Omar M. Yaghi +6 more
TL;DR: Consideration of the geometric and chemical attributes of the SBUs and linkers leads to prediction of the framework topology, and in turn to the design and synthesis of a new class of porous materials with robust structures and high porosity.