Journal ArticleDOI
Crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle at 2.8 Å resolution
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The X-ray crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle of chromatin shows in atomic detail how the histone protein octamer is assembled and how 146 base pairs of DNA are organized into a superhelix around it.Abstract:
The X-ray crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle of chromatin shows in atomic detail how the histone protein octamer is assembled and how 146 base pairs of DNA are organized into a superhelix around it. Both histone/histone and histone/DNA interactions depend on the histone fold domains and additional, well ordered structure elements extending from this motif. Histone amino-terminal tails pass over and between the gyres of the DNA superhelix to contact neighbouring particles. The lack of uniformity between multiple histone/DNA-binding sites causes the DNA to deviate from ideal superhelix geometry.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Translating the Histone Code
Thomas Jenuwein,C. David Allis +1 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that this epigenetic marking system represents a fundamental regulatory mechanism that has an impact on most, if not all, chromatin-templated processes, with far-reaching consequences for cell fate decisions and both normal and pathological development.
Journal ArticleDOI
The language of covalent histone modifications.
Brian D. Strahl,C D Allis +1 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that distinct histone modifications, on one or more tails, act sequentially or in combination to form a ‘histone code’ that is, read by other proteins to bring about distinct downstream events.
Journal ArticleDOI
DNA Double-stranded Breaks Induce Histone H2AX Phosphorylation on Serine 139
TL;DR: In this paper, a histone H2AX species that has been phosphorylated specifically at serine 139 was found to be a major component of DNA double-stranded break.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regulation of chromatin by histone modifications
TL;DR: The known histone modifications are described, where they are found genomically and discussed and some of their functional consequences are discussed, concentrating mostly on transcription where the majority of characterisation has taken place.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epigenetics in Cancer
TL;DR: The current understanding of alterations in the epigenetic landscape that occur in cancer compared with normal cells, the roles of these changes in cancer initiation and progression, including the cancer stem cell model, and the potential use of this knowledge in designing more effective treatment strategies are discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Improved methods for building protein models in electron density maps and the location of errors in these models.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe strategies and tools that help to alleviate this problem and simplify the model-building process, quantify the goodness of fit of the model on a per-residue basis and locate possible errors in peptide and side-chain conformations.
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Improved Fourier coefficients for maps using phases from partial structures with errors
TL;DR: In this article, a method is given to estimate the parameter σA in these phase probability expressions from the observed and calculated structure factor amplitudes, from which one can estimate the mean coordinate error for the model, and when there are coordinate errors, a new expression for the non-centric Fourier coefficients is required to suppress this model bias.
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Involvement of histone H1 in the organization of the nucleosome and of the salt-dependent superstructures of chromatin.
TL;DR: It is concluded that H1 stabilizes the nucleosome and is located in the region of the exit and entry points of the DNA in H1-depleted chromatin, which has the form of an unravelled filament.
Journal ArticleDOI
Structure of chromatin.
TL;DR: The structure of nucleus and linker is described and the path followed by the DNA is described, revealing the arrangement of Histones and their role in theogenesis.