Crystallization behaviour of poly(phenylene sulphide)/polystyrene blend
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the crystallinity of poly(phenylene sulphide) (PPS) blended with polystyrene by an X-ray diffraction technique for samples made by three mixing techniques viz. powder blending, melt blending and solution blending.
About: This article is published in European Polymer Journal.The article was published on 1987-01-01. It has received 14 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Phenylene & Crystallinity.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the miscibility and domain structure of poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly (vinylpyrrolidone) (PVA/PVP) blends by high-resolution solid-state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance methods.
84 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of CaCO3 on polypropylene (PP) crystallization behavior and the modification of structure was investigated using X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy.
Abstract: The effect of CaCO3 on the crystallization behaviour and the modification of structure in polypropylene (PP) has been investigated using X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy. The crystallization half time deduced from spherulitic growth rate was found to vary sharply and decreased considerably from 5–6 min for pure polymer to less than 2 min in the presence of CaCO3. The ultimate spherulite size also decreased considerably for PP containing CaCO3. Its dependance on composition however, showed a plateau region at about 10–15 wt % of additive. The intensities of certain reflections especially the 130 and 040 of the α phase were greatly affected by the presence of CaCO3 and large variations in the crystallinity (Ci) values were observed with composition. The ratio of intensities of 130 and 040 reflections and theCi revealed a maximum at a certain concentration of CaCO3. The above results can be explained on the basis of nucleation and preferential growth of the α phase of PP crystallites.
46 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a mixture of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) with a commercial, wholly aromatic, liquid crystal copolyesteramide (Vectra-B950) has been prepared by meltblending.
Abstract: Blends of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) with a commercial, wholly aromatic, liquid crystal copolyesteramide (Vectra-B950) have been prepared by meltblending. The crystallization behavior of neat and blended PPS has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), under both non-isothermal and isothermal conditions. It has been found that blending PPS with Vectra-B leads to an increase of the temperature of non-isothermal crystallization and to a pronounced acceleration of the isothermal crystallization, without any reduction of the degree of crystallinity. All these effects have been found to occur independent of the Vectra-B concentration, within the investigated range (2 to 20%, w/w). The results have been interpreted in terms of an incrased nucleation density of the blends, probably due to heterogeneous substances, initially present in the Vectra-B bulk, which dissolve to saturation in the PPS phase, during melt-blending.
43 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the crystallization of polyethylene oxide/polymethyl methacrylate (PEO/PMMA) blends was investigated with respect to composition and different casting solvents.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(methacrylic acid) complexes and polyvinyl alkaline/poly(acrylic) blends using high-resolution 13C solid-state NMR method.
Abstract: Miscibility of poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(methacrylic acid) complexes and poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid) blends is investigated by high-resolution 13C solid-state NMR method. Observed 13C spectra are discussed in terms of hydrogen-bonding effects on chemical shift. The results indicate that poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(methacrylic acid) are intimately mixed on a scale of 20–30 A due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding to form equimolar-ratio complexes. For the poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid)=1/1 blend, the two polymers are also miscible, the crystalline phase of PVA is destroyed completely and no detectable domain can be observed for the blend on a scale of 20–30 A. Poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid)=2/1 and 1/2 blends are homogenous on a scale of 200–300 A, but heterogeneous on a smaller scale.
27 citations
References
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01 Jan 1980
492 citations
TL;DR: The structure of poly-p-phenylene sulphide has been determined through the application of X-ray diffraction methods as mentioned in this paper, and the structure appears to be similar to that of polyphenylene oxide, and the planes of the phenylene groups are alternately at +45° and −45° to the (100) plane.
198 citations
TL;DR: The use of polymeric compatibilization additives to polymer blends has shown promise as a method to improve mechanical compatibility in phase-separated blends, and will be expected to be the subject of future research programs as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In the past decade, polymer blend technology has achieved an important position in the field of polymer science. With increased academic and industrial research interest, the application of polymer blend technology to commercial utility has grown significantly. This review on the applications of polymer blends will cover the major commercial blends in the categories of styrene-based polymer blends, poly(vinyl chloride) blends, polyacrylate blends, polyester and polycarbonate blends, polyolefin blends, elastomer blends, polyelectrolyte complexes, and interpenetrating polymer networks. New developments in polymer blend applications will be discussed in more detail. These systems include linear low-density polyethylene blends with either low- or high-density polyethylene, styrenemaleic anhydride terpolymer/ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) blends, polycarbonate/poly(butylene tetephthalate) blends, new PPO/polystyrene blends, and tetramethyl bisphenol A polycarbonate/impact polystyrene blends. Areas for future research to enhance the potential for polymer blend applications will be presented. The need for improved methods for predicting miscibility in polymer blends is discussed. Weldline strength is a major property deficiency of two-phase systems (even those with mechanical compatibility), and future research effort appears warranted to resolve this deficiency. The use of polymeric compatibilization additives to polymer blends has shown promise as a method to improve mechanical compatibility in phase-separated blends, and will be expected to be the subject of future research programs. Finally, the reuse of polymer scrap is discussed as a future application area for polymer blends. Unique applications recently proposed for polymer blends include immobilization of enzymes, permselective membranes, reverse osmosis membranes, selective ion-exchange systems, and medical applications using polyelectrolyte complexes.
125 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used TOA to monitor light transmission through birefringent scratches in a film during heating at constant rate in a microscope hot stage between crossed (90°) plane polarizers.
Abstract: Transition temperatures by thermo-optical analysis (TOA) and by DSC were measured on films of polystyrene (PS), poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO resin) and nine homogeneous blends of these polymers. The TOA procedure consists of automatically monitoring light transmission through birefringent scratches in a film during heating at constant rate in a microscope hot stage between crossed (90°) plane polarizers. The TTOA transition temperature, defined as the temperature of birefringence disappearance in the scratches, increased monotonically from 113°C for pure PS to 222°C for pure PPO resin at a 10°/min heating rate. The Tg (DSC) similarly ranged from 99°C to 212°C at a 20°/min heating rate. The TOA technique as described should be a useful addition to thermomechanical studies of transparent polymers and polymer blends.
107 citations