Crystallization behaviour of poly(phenylene sulphide)/polystyrene blend
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the crystallinity of poly(phenylene sulphide) (PPS) blended with polystyrene by an X-ray diffraction technique for samples made by three mixing techniques viz. powder blending, melt blending and solution blending.
About: This article is published in European Polymer Journal.The article was published on 1987-01-01. It has received 14 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Phenylene & Crystallinity.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the domain structure of blends of polyphenylene sulphide (PPS) and poly(ether sulphone) has been studied by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance methods.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the properties of poly(p-phenylene sulfide) in blends with poly(ether sulfone) (PES) prepared by melt-mixing.
Abstract: Crystallization and melting behaviors of poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS) in blends with poly(ether sulfone) (PES) prepared by melt-mixing were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The blends showed two glass transition temperatures corresponding to PPS- and PES-rich phases, which increased with increasing PES content, indicating that PPS and PES have some compatibility. The cold crystallization temperature of the blended PPS was a little higher than that of pure PPS. Also, the heats of crystallization and melting of the blended PPS decreased with increasing PES content, indicating that the degree of crystallinity decreased with an increase of PES content. The isothermal crystallization studies revealed that the crystallization of PPS is accelerated by blending PPS with 10 wt % PES and further addition results in the retardation. The Avrami exponent n was about 4 independent on blend composition. The activation energy of crystallization increased by blending with PES. The equilibrium melting point decreased linearly with increasing PES content. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 1686–1692, 1999
24 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the nonisothermal crystallization and melting behavior of a poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) blend with polyamide 6 (PA6) were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry.
Abstract: The nonisothermal crystallization and melting behavior of a poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) blend with polyamide 6 (PA6) were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. The results indicate that the crystallization parameters for PPS become modified to a greater extent than those for PA6 in the blends. The PPS and PA6 crystallize at high temperature as a result of blending. The crystallization temperatures of PPS in its blends are always higher than that of pure PPS and are independent of the melting temperature and the residence time at that temperature. The PPS crystallization peak becomes narrower and the crystallization temperature shifts to a higher temperature, suggesting a faster rate of crystallization as a result of blending with PA6. This enhancement in the nucleation of PPS could be attributed to the possible presence of interfacial interactions between the component polymers to induce heterogeneous nucleation. On the other hand, the increase in the crystallization temperature of PA6 can be attributed to the heterogeneous nucleation provided by the already crystallized PPS. The heterogeneous nucleation induced by interfacial interactions depends on the temperature at which the polymers remain in the molten state and on the storage time at this temperature. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 3033–3039, 1999
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, solid state polycondensation (SSP) crystallizes polycarbonate in an orthorhombic configuration with a = 12.1 A, b = 10.5 A and c = 22.0 A.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the morphology of isothermally crystallized poly(phenylene sulfide) and a blend combining it with high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) were observed through a polarized optical microscope equipped with a CSS450 hot-stage.
Abstract: The morphology of isothermally crystallized poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) and a blend combining it with high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) were observed through a polarized optical microscope equipped with a CSS450 hot-stage. The crystalline superstructure of PPS is mainly spherulite, and it was found that the presence of HIPS has little influence on the morphology of PPS, but decreases the nucleation rate of PPS. The effect of HIPS on the non-isothermal crystallization of PPS was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The maximum and onset crystallization temperatures for the HIPS/PPS blend were about 10°C lower than those of neat PPS, which indicates that the crystallization of PPS was retarded by HIPS. The Ozawa model was used to analyze the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of PPS and its blends. The Avrami exponent values of neat PPS were higher than those of its blend, which shows that the presence of HIPS changed both the nucleation rate and the crystallization rate of PPS.
8 citations
Cites background or result from "Crystallization behaviour of poly(p..."
...Thus, a lot of work has been done to improve these properties of PPS by blending it with HIPS([11,27])....
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...This result is consistent with that observed in other miscible systems—for instance, in the poly(vinylidene fluoride)=poly(vinyl acetate) blend system([34]) and in the Polycarbonate=Polyester blend system([35])—but is inconsistent with the information found for PS=PPS blends by Radhakrishnan([11])....
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...Radhakrishnan and Joshi([11]) investigated the crystallization of PPS blended with PS by different mixing techniques and found that the half crystallization time increased, while the crystallite size was reduced considerably by the addition of PS to PPS....
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...Radhakrishnan and Joshi[11] investigated the crystallization of PPS blended with PS by different mixing techniques and found that the half crystallization time increased, while the crystallite size was reduced considerably by the addition of PS to PPS. Jog and Shingankuli[14] reported the isothermal crystallization kinetics of PPS in the blends with high density polyethylene (HDPE) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and found that the crystallization of PPS was accelerated in PPS=PET blends, whereas it was retarded in PPS=HDPE blends....
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...According to Radhakrishnan’s([11]) and our experimental results, one can believe that the influence of HIPS on the crystallization behavior of PPS may be ascribed to the partial miscibility of the amorphous phases of the two polymers and to the presence of an amorphous component intermingled with the polymer in the melt state, which leads to a retardation of chain mobility and to a positioning of the chains in an ordered manner (nucleation)....
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References
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01 Jan 1980
492 citations
TL;DR: The structure of poly-p-phenylene sulphide has been determined through the application of X-ray diffraction methods as mentioned in this paper, and the structure appears to be similar to that of polyphenylene oxide, and the planes of the phenylene groups are alternately at +45° and −45° to the (100) plane.
198 citations
TL;DR: The use of polymeric compatibilization additives to polymer blends has shown promise as a method to improve mechanical compatibility in phase-separated blends, and will be expected to be the subject of future research programs as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In the past decade, polymer blend technology has achieved an important position in the field of polymer science. With increased academic and industrial research interest, the application of polymer blend technology to commercial utility has grown significantly. This review on the applications of polymer blends will cover the major commercial blends in the categories of styrene-based polymer blends, poly(vinyl chloride) blends, polyacrylate blends, polyester and polycarbonate blends, polyolefin blends, elastomer blends, polyelectrolyte complexes, and interpenetrating polymer networks. New developments in polymer blend applications will be discussed in more detail. These systems include linear low-density polyethylene blends with either low- or high-density polyethylene, styrenemaleic anhydride terpolymer/ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) blends, polycarbonate/poly(butylene tetephthalate) blends, new PPO/polystyrene blends, and tetramethyl bisphenol A polycarbonate/impact polystyrene blends. Areas for future research to enhance the potential for polymer blend applications will be presented. The need for improved methods for predicting miscibility in polymer blends is discussed. Weldline strength is a major property deficiency of two-phase systems (even those with mechanical compatibility), and future research effort appears warranted to resolve this deficiency. The use of polymeric compatibilization additives to polymer blends has shown promise as a method to improve mechanical compatibility in phase-separated blends, and will be expected to be the subject of future research programs. Finally, the reuse of polymer scrap is discussed as a future application area for polymer blends. Unique applications recently proposed for polymer blends include immobilization of enzymes, permselective membranes, reverse osmosis membranes, selective ion-exchange systems, and medical applications using polyelectrolyte complexes.
125 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used TOA to monitor light transmission through birefringent scratches in a film during heating at constant rate in a microscope hot stage between crossed (90°) plane polarizers.
Abstract: Transition temperatures by thermo-optical analysis (TOA) and by DSC were measured on films of polystyrene (PS), poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO resin) and nine homogeneous blends of these polymers. The TOA procedure consists of automatically monitoring light transmission through birefringent scratches in a film during heating at constant rate in a microscope hot stage between crossed (90°) plane polarizers. The TTOA transition temperature, defined as the temperature of birefringence disappearance in the scratches, increased monotonically from 113°C for pure PS to 222°C for pure PPO resin at a 10°/min heating rate. The Tg (DSC) similarly ranged from 99°C to 212°C at a 20°/min heating rate. The TOA technique as described should be a useful addition to thermomechanical studies of transparent polymers and polymer blends.
107 citations