Crystallization behaviour of poly(phenylene sulphide)/polystyrene blend
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the crystallinity of poly(phenylene sulphide) (PPS) blended with polystyrene by an X-ray diffraction technique for samples made by three mixing techniques viz. powder blending, melt blending and solution blending.
About: This article is published in European Polymer Journal.The article was published on 1987-01-01. It has received 14 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Phenylene & Crystallinity.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a wide angle X-ray diffraction measurement was performed to determine the entrapment of amorphous polyvinylethylene (PVE) within the crystalline lattice.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the structure, growth, and morphology of composite films made by dispersing para nitroaniline (PNA) in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was investigated with respect to different crystallization methods, composition, and application of electric field.
Abstract: The structure, growth, and morphology of composite films made by dispersing para nitroaniline (PNA) in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was investigated with respect to different crystallization methods, composition, and application of electric field. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction scans showed large variations in intensity of different reflections, especially the Okl with composition and in the presence of an electric field. In addition, it also showed the occurrence of a new crystalline structure, possibly due to complex formation between PNA and PMMA. The presence of this complex was further confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. In a certain range of composition (30 to 40 % PNA), spherulitic morphology was observed, which otherwise consisted of needle-shaped crystals dispersed in amorphous matrix. The transparency of these films also depended strongly on the crystallization conditions, and highly transparent films could be obtained, even at high PNA content by application of electric field. These various results could be explained on the basis of the intermolecular interaction between PNA and PMMA, as well as preferential growth direction and orientation of the PNA crystals.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the structure and morphology in the meta-nitroaniline (MNA) dispersed poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) guest/host system was investigated with respect to composition and different techniques of crystallization.
Abstract: The structure and morphology in the meta-nitroaniline (MNA) dispersed poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) guest/host system was investigated with respect to composition and different techniques of crystallization. Large changes in the intensities of various X-ray diffraction peaks were observed for both solution grown (SC) and melt crystallized (MC) MNA/PMMA composite films. However, in the former case, the peak corresponding to (060) reflection had maximum intensity, while in the latter, the peak corresponding to (112) reflection was most prominent. At low concentrations, the films appeared to be amorphous and transparent, but electron diffraction studies revealed small ordered domains. Both solution and melt grown MNA/PMMA films contained two types of crystallites having different structures: one having the original orthorhombic structure (a = 6.51 A, b = 19.35 A, c = 5.07 A) of bulk MNA, while the other crystallized in new monoclinic phase with a = 13.0 A, b = 19.35 A, c = 10.15 A, and β = 64°. The presence of the new structure that formed could be due to a formation of complex between PMMA and MNA. This complex formation and new structure was further confirmed by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and infrared analysis (IR). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1547–1557, 2001
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the LCP phase on the crystallization of PPS has been studied by non-isothermal and isothermal calorimetry, and it has been found that the addition of only 2-5% LCP into PPS strongly increases the crystallisation rate of the latter polymer.
Abstract: Blends of poly(phenylene sulfide) and a semiflexible liquid-crystalline polymer have been prepared, in the whole range of concentration, by melt mixing. The effect of the LCP phase on the crystallization of PPS has been studied by non-isothermal and isothermal calorimetry. It has been found that the addition of only 2-5% LCP into PPS strongly increases the crystallization rate of the latter polymer. This effect has been interpreted as the result of an increased nucleation density. The morphology of the blends, studied by scanning electron microscopy, has shown that the two polymers are incompatible, although the phase dispersion is good. Under elongational flow, the dispersed phase shows a distinct tendency toward fibrillation.
1 citations
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01 Jan 1980
492 citations
TL;DR: The structure of poly-p-phenylene sulphide has been determined through the application of X-ray diffraction methods as mentioned in this paper, and the structure appears to be similar to that of polyphenylene oxide, and the planes of the phenylene groups are alternately at +45° and −45° to the (100) plane.
198 citations
TL;DR: The use of polymeric compatibilization additives to polymer blends has shown promise as a method to improve mechanical compatibility in phase-separated blends, and will be expected to be the subject of future research programs as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In the past decade, polymer blend technology has achieved an important position in the field of polymer science. With increased academic and industrial research interest, the application of polymer blend technology to commercial utility has grown significantly. This review on the applications of polymer blends will cover the major commercial blends in the categories of styrene-based polymer blends, poly(vinyl chloride) blends, polyacrylate blends, polyester and polycarbonate blends, polyolefin blends, elastomer blends, polyelectrolyte complexes, and interpenetrating polymer networks. New developments in polymer blend applications will be discussed in more detail. These systems include linear low-density polyethylene blends with either low- or high-density polyethylene, styrenemaleic anhydride terpolymer/ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) blends, polycarbonate/poly(butylene tetephthalate) blends, new PPO/polystyrene blends, and tetramethyl bisphenol A polycarbonate/impact polystyrene blends. Areas for future research to enhance the potential for polymer blend applications will be presented. The need for improved methods for predicting miscibility in polymer blends is discussed. Weldline strength is a major property deficiency of two-phase systems (even those with mechanical compatibility), and future research effort appears warranted to resolve this deficiency. The use of polymeric compatibilization additives to polymer blends has shown promise as a method to improve mechanical compatibility in phase-separated blends, and will be expected to be the subject of future research programs. Finally, the reuse of polymer scrap is discussed as a future application area for polymer blends. Unique applications recently proposed for polymer blends include immobilization of enzymes, permselective membranes, reverse osmosis membranes, selective ion-exchange systems, and medical applications using polyelectrolyte complexes.
125 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used TOA to monitor light transmission through birefringent scratches in a film during heating at constant rate in a microscope hot stage between crossed (90°) plane polarizers.
Abstract: Transition temperatures by thermo-optical analysis (TOA) and by DSC were measured on films of polystyrene (PS), poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO resin) and nine homogeneous blends of these polymers. The TOA procedure consists of automatically monitoring light transmission through birefringent scratches in a film during heating at constant rate in a microscope hot stage between crossed (90°) plane polarizers. The TTOA transition temperature, defined as the temperature of birefringence disappearance in the scratches, increased monotonically from 113°C for pure PS to 222°C for pure PPO resin at a 10°/min heating rate. The Tg (DSC) similarly ranged from 99°C to 212°C at a 20°/min heating rate. The TOA technique as described should be a useful addition to thermomechanical studies of transparent polymers and polymer blends.
107 citations