Cu-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles for Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensing.
TL;DR: In this paper, a non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for the detection of glucose in human serum samples was proposed, which exhibited high selectivity for glucose in the presence of various interfering species.
Abstract: Copper-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) CuxZn1-xO (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04) were synthesized via a sol-gel process and used as an active electrode material to fabricate a non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for the detection of glucose. Their structure, composition, and chemical properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies, and zeta potential measurements. The electrochemical characterization of the sensors was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Cu doping was shown to improve the electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of glucose, which resulted from the accelerated electron transfer and greatly improved electrochemical conductivity. The experimental conditions for the detection of glucose were optimized: a linear dependence between the glucose concentration and current intensity was established in the range from 1 nM to 100 μM with a limit of detection of 0.7 nM. The proposed sensor exhibited high selectivity for glucose in the presence of various interfering species. The developed sensor was also successfully tested for the detection of glucose in human serum samples.
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TL;DR: In this paper , the position and distribution of the dopant in colloidal nanocrystals were detected by collecting all diffraction datasets from each electron probe with high-speed and efficient detection.
Abstract: Colloidal nanocrystals play a vital role in several applications. The doping of cations in the nanocrystal matrix enhances the optical, electrical, and magnetic properties. The number and well-defined distribution of the dopant are crucial to protect the nanocrystal from clustering. The XRD, XPS, and XAS instruments reveal the change in the lattice parameters, chemical states, and local coordination environment information. In addition of detecting the position and distribution of the dopant, the 4D-STEM detector mode gathers all types of real-space atomic-resolution images by collecting all diffraction datasets from each electron probe with high-speed and efficient detection. Dopant–host ligand type, reactions conditions, and reaction time optimization during synthesis are critical for the host and dopant reactivity balance. Pearson's hard/soft acids/bases theory would be a base for balancing the solubility of the dopant–host in the given solvents/surfactant. In addition, tuning the colloidal nanocrystals to secondary structures, which enhances the mass-/ions transport, can contribute a combination of properties that do not exist in the original constituents.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a nonenzymatic glucose sensor with high sensitivity for non-invasive glucose continuous monitoring in saliva is presented, which can detect the changes of glucose content in saliva before and after meals.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the effect of ZnO nanoparticles on the physical and mechanical performance of the optimized composite sponge indicated that the incorporation of 3 wt% ZnOs nanoparticles produces a well-interconnected porous structure (~156 µm) with high water absorption (~3089%) and proper elongation (~49%) in a wet medium.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the extraordinary characteristics of ZnO NPs, as well as their novel applications in industrial settings and the challenges that come along with their utilization, are discussed, and a list of the most important properties of NPs is presented.
Abstract: Nanomaterials (NMs) that are created with zinc oxide are very valuable for a wide variety of applications. There is a present interest in ZnO nanoparticles in a wide range of industries. This interest may be attributed to the fact that ZnO NPs have many important features. It will be necessary for ZnO NPs to possess certain qualities in order for them to rapidly find uses in industry and for these applications to have an effect on the expansion of the economy. A large surface area, a large bandgap, photocatalytic property, biosensing, bioimaging, and other qualities are included in this list. In this article, the extraordinary characteristics of ZnO NPs, as well as their novel applications in industrial settings and the challenges that come along with their utilization, will be discussed.
7 citations
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TL;DR: The presented review provides information relating to the calculation of the limit of detection and limit of quantitation.
Abstract: The quality of an analytical method developed is always appraised in terms of suitability for its intended purpose, recovery, requirement for standardization, sensitivity, analyte stability, ease of analysis, skill subset required, time and cost in that order. It is highly imperative to establish through a systematic process that the analytical method under question is acceptable for its intended purpose. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) are two important performance characteristics in method validation. LOD and LOQ are terms used to describe the smallest concentration of an analyte that can be reliably measured by an analytical procedure. There has often been a lack of agreement within the clinical laboratory field as to the terminology best suited to describe this parameter. Likewise, there have been various methods for estimating it. The presented review provides information relating to the calculation of the limit of detection and limit of quantitation. Brief information about differences in various regulatory agencies about these parameters is also presented here.
2,264 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the electronegativities of sixtynine elements have been calculated from the most recent thermochemical data, and the mean deviation of the calculated electronegativity difference, 0·208 √ †, from the difference of the average electrone-gativities is 0·046 units.
1,658 citations
TL;DR: Better model of such glucose sensors is sought by summarizing and revisiting the previous reports on the electrochemistry of glucose itself and new electrode materials, which will lead to possible breakthroughs in designing the enzymeless glucose sensing devices that realize innovative and powerful detection.
1,006 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of the competition between the long-range electrostatic forces and the short-range forces due to anisotropy in the interatomic force constants on the vibrational spectrum has been included.
Abstract: First-order Raman scattering from BeO, ZnO, ZnS, and CdS, all having the wurtzite structure (${C}_{6v}$), has been investigated. A discussion of the effects of the competition between the long-range electrostatic forces and the short-range forces due to anisotropy in the interatomic force constants on the vibrational spectrum has been included. A series of scattering diagrams are presented showing the geometrical arrangements necessary to observe all the $k=0$ phonons for this type of crystal structure. In BeO the ${E}_{2}$ mode was resolved from the transverse modes for the first time. The assignments of the ${E}_{2}$ modes in ZnS differ from previous investigations. From absolute intensity measurements, electro-optic coefficients for BeO, ZnO, and CdS were determined.
886 citations
TL;DR: This review encompasses the mechanisms of electrochemical glucose detection and recent advances in non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on a variety of materials ranging from platinum, gold, metal alloys/adatom, non-precious transition metal/metal oxides to glucose-specific organic materials to demonstrate the possibility of direct detection in whole blood or interstitial fluids.
505 citations