Cues of being watched enhance cooperation in a real-world setting
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This paper examined the effect of an image of a pair of eyes on contributions to an honesty box used to collect money for drinks in a university coffee room and found that people paid nearly three times more for their drinks when eyes were displayed rather than a control image.Abstract:
We examined the effect of an image of a pair of eyes on contributions to an honesty box used to collect money for drinks in a university coffee room. People paid nearly three times as much for their drinks when eyes were displayed rather than a control image. This finding provides the first evidence from a naturalistic setting of the importance of cues of being watched, and hence reputational concerns, on human cooperative behaviour.read more
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The Dishonesty of Honest People: A Theory of Self-Concept Maintenance
Nina Mazar,On Amir,Dan Ariely +2 more
TL;DR: The authors investigate how external and internal rewards work in concert to produce (dis)honesty and suggest that dishonesty governed by self-concept maintenance is likely to be prevalent in the economy, and understand it has important implications for designing effective methods to curb dishonesty.
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The Dishonesty of Honest People: A Theory of Self-Concept Maintenance
Nina Mazar,On Amir,Dan Ariely +2 more
TL;DR: The authors show that people behave dishonestly enough to profit but honestly enough to delude themselves of their own integrity, and that a little bit of dishonesty gives a taste of profit without spoiling a positive self-view.
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Going green to be seen: Status, reputation, and conspicuous conservation.
TL;DR: Supporting the notion that altruism signals one's willingness and ability to incur costs for others' benefit, status motives increased desire for green products when shopping in public and when green products cost more (but not less) than nongreen products.
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God Is Watching You Priming God Concepts Increases Prosocial Behavior in an Anonymous Economic Game
Azim F. Shariff,Ara Norenzayan +1 more
TL;DR: Two studies aimed at resolving experimentally whether religion increases prosocial behavior in the anonymous dictator game are presented, focusing on the hypotheses that the religious prime had an ideomotor effect on generosity or that it activated a felt presence of supernatural watchers.
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A Literature Review of Empirical Studies of Philanthropy: Eight Mechanisms That Drive Charitable Giving
René Bekkers,Pamala Wiepking +1 more
TL;DR: This article presented an overview of the academic literature on charitable giving based on a literature review of more than 500 articles and identified eight mechanisms as the most important forces that drive charitable giving: (a) awareness of need; (b) solicitation; (c) costs and benefits; (d) altruism; (e) reputation; (f) psychological benefits, (g) values; (h) efficacy.
References
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The distributed human neural system for face perception.
TL;DR: A model for the organization of this system that emphasizes a distinction between the representation of invariant and changeable aspects of faces is proposed and is hierarchical insofar as it is divided into a core system and an extended system.
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The nature of human altruism
Ernst Fehr,Urs Fischbacher +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors point out that current gene-based evolutionary theories cannot explain important patterns of human altruism, pointing towards the importance of both theories of cultural evolution as well as gene-culture co-evolution.
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The nature of human altruism
Ernst Fehr,Urs Fischbacher +1 more
TL;DR: Current gene-based evolutionary theories cannot explain important patterns of human altruism, pointing towards the importance of both theories of cultural evolution as well as gene–culture co-evolution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution of indirect reciprocity by image scoring
TL;DR: It is proposed that the emergence of indirect reciprocity was a decisive step for the evolution of human societies and the probability of knowing the ‘image’ of the recipient must exceed the cost-to-benefit ratio of the altruistic act.
Book
The biology of moral systems
TL;DR: The Biology of Moral Systems (BOS) as mentioned in this paper is an evolutionary theory of human interests, using senescence and effort theory from biology to analyze the patterning of human lifetimes.