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Culture Leadership And Organizations The Globe Study Of 62 Societies

01 Jan 2016-
TL;DR: For example, the authors found that people search numerous times for their chosen books like this culture leadership and organizations the globe study of 62 societies, but end up in infectious downloads, instead of reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer.
Abstract: Thank you for reading culture leadership and organizations the globe study of 62 societies. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen books like this culture leadership and organizations the globe study of 62 societies, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors refine the concept of responsible leadership from an upper echelon perspective by exploring two distinct styles (instrumental and integrative) and further develop the understanding of the newly emerging integrative style.
Abstract: In this article we pursue two objectives. First, we refine the concept of responsible leadership from an upper echelon perspective by exploring two distinct styles (instrumental and integrative) and thereby further developing the understanding of the newly emerging integrative style. Second, we propose a framework that examines the micro-foundations of political corporate social responsibility (CSR). We explicate how the political CSR engagement of organizations (in social innovation and multi-stakeholder initiatives) is influenced by responsible leadership styles and posit that most CEOs tend to espouse either instrumental or integrative responsible leadership approaches, based on perceived moral obligations toward shareholders or stakeholders. We examine the moderating effects of societal- and organizational-level factors (such as power distance and corporate governance), and individual-level influences (such as cognitive and social complexity). We discuss both approaches with respect to their effectiveness in dealing with political CSR challenges in a complex environment and conclude that an instrumental responsible leadership style may be effective in relatively stable settings with strong institutional arrangements, while the complex and unstable context of a post-national constellation with weak institutions calls for an integrative responsible leadership style. The latter can be expected to be more effective in dealing with political CSR challenges in a global world, contributing to closing governance gaps and producing sustainable outcomes for societies.

163 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is found that relationships are more stable and hard to form in east Asia, North Africa, and the Middle East, while they are more fluid in the West and Latin America, and results show that relationally mobile cultures tend to have higher interpersonal trust and intimacy.
Abstract: Biologists and social scientists have long tried to understand why some societies have more fluid and open interpersonal relationships and how those differences influence culture. This study measures relational mobility, a socioecological variable quantifying voluntary (high relational mobility) vs. fixed (low relational mobility) interpersonal relationships. We measure relational mobility in 39 societies and test whether it predicts social behavior. People in societies with higher relational mobility report more proactive interpersonal behaviors (e.g., self-disclosure and social support) and psychological tendencies that help them build and retain relationships (e.g., general trust, intimacy, self-esteem). Finally, we explore ecological factors that could explain relational mobility differences across societies. Relational mobility was lower in societies that practiced settled, interdependent subsistence styles, such as rice farming, and in societies that had stronger ecological and historical threats.

159 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the decision-making practices of Vietnamese school principals respond to their socio-cultural context using Hofstede's "dimensions of national culture" to aid in this analysis.
Abstract: There is an emerging global consensus that the knowledge base in educational leadership and management must offer a deeper examination of leadership practice across a more diverse set of national contexts. Nonetheless, a recent review of the literature in this field concluded that this challenge has yet to be adequately addressed with respect to research in Asia. This study was an in-depth, qualitative examination of how the decision-making practices of Vietnamese school principals respond to their socio-cultural context. The study employed Hofstede’s ‘dimensions of national culture’ to aid in this analysis of Vietnamese school leadership. Qualitative data were used to construct case studies of principal decision-making in three Vietnamese schools. The findings highlight the strong influence of power distance and collectivism on the decision making of Vietnamese school principals. The results illuminate the value of adopting an ‘indigenous perspective’ on school leadership. Our description of how socio-cu...

140 citations


Cites background or methods from "Culture Leadership And Organization..."

  • ...…the findings will begin to ‘fill in a blank spot’ in the literature by continuing the global effort aimed at clarifying the boundaries of universal and contextually dependent leadership practices (Belchetz and Leithwood, 2007; Heck and Hallinger, 2005; House et al., 2004; Walker and Dimmock, 2002)....

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  • ...…been used to conceptualize and study management processes in Confucian societies as part of a global program of research on culture and management (see House et al., 2004; Lord et al., 2001; Ralston et al., 1999, 2006; Smith et al., 1996; Schwartz, 1999; Strauss and Quinn, 1997; Triandis, 1996)....

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  • ...…interpreting patterns of managerial behaviour has actually been reinforced by research that has incorporated related but different constructs proposed by other culture theorists (House et al., 2004; Ralston et al., 2006; Smith et al., 1996; Schwartz, 1999; Strauss and Quinn, 1997; Triandis, 1996)....

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  • ...In this global era, it becomes urgent to undertake studies that offer empirically grounded insights into school leadership practices from throughout the world (House et al., 2004)....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors address three of the most important recurring questions posed by authors, editors, and reviewers by examining the theory, methods, and data of distance research: how to theorize on distance, and what method and what data to use when constructing a distance index.
Abstract: Distance is a central concept in international business research, yet there is debate about the construct as well as its operationalization. In this editorial, we address three of the most important recurring questions posed by authors, editors, and reviewers by examining the theory, methods, and data of distance research. We discuss (1) how to theorize on distance, and (2) what method and (3) what data to use when constructing a distance index. We develop practical recommendations grounded in theory, illustrating and supporting them by calculating cross-country distance indices for all available country pairs and two of the most used distance indices: cultural and institutional. We show that, whereas a specific method to calculate distance may matter to some extent, the choice for a specific cultural or institutional framework to measure cultural or institutional distance has a major impact on country–pair distances. Overall, this editorial highlights the importance of matching data and method to the theoretical argument.

137 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...As Schwartz notes when comparing his framework with Hofstede’s, his ‘‘dimensions are based on different theoretical reasoning, different methods, a different set of nations, different type of respondents, data from a later historical period, a more comprehensive set of values, and value items screened to be reasonably equivalent in meaning across cultures’’ (Schwartz, 1994: 116–117).17 We refer to the original studies as well as discussions in cross-cultural psychology comparing these frameworks (Bond, 2002; Hofstede, 2010; Oyserman et al., 2002; Matsumoto & Yoo, 2006; Peterson, 2003, 2004; Peterson & Castro, 2006; Peterson & Søndergaard, 2011; Ralston et al., 2011, 2014; Schwartz, 2014; Smith, 2006; Smith et al., 1996)....

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  • ...…as well as discussions in cross-cultural psychology comparing these frameworks (Bond, 2002; Hofstede, 2010; Oyserman et al., 2002; Matsumoto & Yoo, 2006; Peterson, 2003, 2004; Peterson & Castro, 2006; Peterson & Søndergaard, 2011; Ralston et al., 2011, 2014; Schwartz, 2014; Smith, 2006; Smith et…...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on key drivers that influence the success of global virtual teams (GVTs), along with ways for mitigating their challenges, and propose a structuring framework that can help with both organizing what we know about GVTs, and with guiding the conversation on where the research on this topic might focus next.

136 citations


Cites background from "Culture Leadership And Organization..."

  • ...…procedures, protocols, goals, performance appraisal systems, and even different personalities of their supervisors may create conflicting incentives and expectations for the different GVT members (e.g., House et al., 2004 discuss the effects of institutional differences in the workplace at length)....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the structural equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) across 26 samples from 24 countries (N = 12,200) was assessed.
Abstract: In this article, we assess the structural equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) across 26 samples from 24 countries (N = 12,200). The ZTPI is proven to be a valid and reliable index of individual differences in time perspective across five temporal categories: Past Negative, Past Positive, Present Fatalistic, Present Hedonistic, and Future. We obtained evidence for invariance of 36 items (out of 56) and also the five-factor structure of ZTPI across 23 countries. The short ZTPI scales are reliable for country-level analysis, whereas we recommend the use of the full scales for individual-level analysis. The short version of ZTPI will further promote integration of research in the time perspective domain in relation to many different psycho-social processes.

525 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors examined the concept of humility among chief executive officers and the process through which it is connected to integration in the top management team (TMT) and middle managers' responses.
Abstract: In this article, we examine the concept of humility among chief executive officers (CEOs) and the process through which it is connected to integration in the top management team (TMT) and middle managers’ responses. We develop and validate a comprehensive measure of humility using multiple samples and then test a multilevel model of how CEOs’ humility links to the processes of top and middle managers. Our methodology involves survey data gathered twice from 328 TMT members and 645 middle managers in 63 private companies in China. We find CEO humility to be positively associated with empowering leadership behaviors, which in turn correlates with TMT integration. TMT integration then positively relates to middle managers’ perception of having an empowering organizational climate, which is then associated with their work engagement, affective commitment, and job performance. Findings confirm our hypotheses based on social information processing theory: humble CEOs connect to top and middle managers through c...

403 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Investigation of gender differences in three facets of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory revealed that observed gender differences were not explained by measurement bias and thus can be interpreted as true sex differences.
Abstract: Despite the widely held belief that men are more narcissistic than women, there has been no systematic review to establish the magnitude, variability across measures and settings, and stability over time of this gender difference. Drawing on the biosocial approach to social role theory, a meta-analysis performed for Study 1 found that men tended to be more narcissistic than women (d = .26; k = 355 studies; N = 470,846). This gender difference remained stable in U.S. college student cohorts over time (from 1990 to 2013) and across different age groups. Study 1 also investigated gender differences in three facets of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) to reveal that the narcissism gender difference is driven by the Exploitative/Entitlement facet (d = .29; k = 44 studies; N = 44,108) and Leadership/Authority facet (d = .20; k = 40 studies; N = 44,739); whereas the gender difference in Grandiose/Exhibitionism (d = .04; k = 39 studies; N = 42,460) was much smaller. We further investigated a less-studied form of narcissism called vulnerable narcissism—which is marked by low self-esteem, neuroticism, and introversion—to find that (in contrast to the more commonly studied form of narcissism found in the DSM and the NPI) men and women did not differ on vulnerable narcissism (d = −.04; k = 42 studies; N = 46,735). Study 2 used item response theory to rule out the possibility that measurement bias accounts for observed gender differences in the three facets of the NPI (N = 19,001). Results revealed that observed gender differences were not explained by measurement bias and thus can be interpreted as true sex differences. Discussion focuses on the implications for the biosocial construction model of gender differences, for the etiology of narcissism, for clinical applications, and for the role of narcissism in helping to explain gender differences in leadership and aggressive behavior. Readers are warned against overapplying small effect sizes to perpetuate gender stereotypes.

382 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors explored several types of school contexts (institutional, community, socio-cultural, political, economic, school improvement) and what they have learned about how they shape school leadership practice and found that the need to contextualize leadership highlights deficiencies in modal research.
Abstract: Research on educational leadership and management has resulted in the accumulation of increasingly persuasive findings concerning the impact school leadership can have on school performance. Indeed, there is a growing consensus that there exists a generic set of leadership practices (e.g. goal setting, developing people) which must be adapted to meet the needs and constraints that describe different school contexts. However, to date, researchers have yet to develop a theory or report comprehensive findings on this challenge. This paper explores several types of school contexts (institutional, community, socio-cultural, political, economic, school improvement) and what we have learned about how they shape school leadership practice. The analysis leads to several conclusions and recommendations. First, it affirms, elaborates and extends the assertion made by scholars of the importance of examining leadership in context. Second, the need to contextualize leadership highlights deficiencies in modal research m...

311 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new 7-dimensional model of self-reported ways of being independent or interdependent is developed and validated across cultures and will allow future researchers to test more accurately the implications of cultural models of selfhood for psychological processes in diverse ecocultural contexts.
Abstract: Markus and Kitayama’s (1991) theory of independent and interdependent self-construals had a major influence on social, personality, and developmental psychology by highlighting the role of culture in psychological processes. However, research has relied excessively on contrasts between North American and East Asian samples, and commonly used self-report measures of independence and interdependence frequently fail to show predicted cultural differences. We revisited the conceptualization and measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals in 2 large-scale multinational surveys, using improved methods for cross-cultural research. We developed (Study 1: N = 2924 students in 16 nations) and validated across cultures (Study 2: N = 7279 adults from 55 cultural groups in 33 nations) a new 7-dimensional model of self-reported ways of being independent or interdependent. Patterns of global variation support some of Markus and Kitayama’s predictions, but a simple contrast between independence and interdependence does not adequately capture the diverse models of selfhood that prevail in different world regions. Cultural groups emphasize different ways of being both independent and interdependent, depending on individualism-collectivism, national socioeconomic development, and religious heritage. Our 7-dimensional model will allow future researchers to test more accurately the implications of cultural models of selfhood for psychological processes in diverse ecocultural contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

309 citations