Culture Leadership And Organizations The Globe Study Of 62 Societies
01 Jan 2016-
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TL;DR: Selvarajah and van der Heijden as discussed by the authors hypothesize that the egalitarian influence of the polder philosophy leads Dutch managers to value cooperative partnership based on consensus decision-making, in a symbiotic relationship between the manager and the community.
Abstract: This paper extends Schama’s (1988) notion of moral geography where there is a determinacy link between an ecology and those managing organisations within it. We emphasise that the link is framed by its historical legacy of social ideals. This paper hypothesises that the egalitarian influence of the polder philosophy leads Dutch managers to value cooperative partnership based on consensus decision-making, in a symbiotic relationship between the manager and the community. Structural equation modelling of the data obtained from surveying 808 managers across occupational industry sectors in the Netherlands support this hypothesis. Results reveal that in the Netherlands (1) the external environment has an unique influence, through its impact on managerial behaviour; (2) the external environment has a profound influence on managers’ personal qualities underpinned by their feminine-value-oriented social roles; and (3) organisational prosperity and work orientations are driven by environmental uncertainty avoidance and managers’ feminine-valued social roles.
Keywords: Uncertainty Avoidance, Social Roles, Organisation Prosperity, Work Orientation, Preferred Leadership Styles, Polder Philosophy
To cite this document: Christopher Selvarajah, Denny Meyer, Andre de Waal, and Beatrice Van der Heijden, "Dutch Managerial Leadership Strategies: Managing Uncertainty Avoidance, Feminine-Related Social Roles, Organisation Prosperity Focus, and Work Orientation within A Polder Framework", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.14, No.2, pp. 87-120, 2018.
Permanent link to this document:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.18279
6 citations
28 Sep 2018
TL;DR: This paper provided a theoretical background on probabilistic reasoning and discussed the state-of-the-art application of subjective probability questions in surveys around the world, focusing on the influence of cultural orientations pertinent to response patterns in these questions from the cross-cultural psychology literature.
Abstract: This chapter provides a theoretical background on probabilistic reasoning and discusses the state‐of‐the‐art application of subjective probability questions in surveys around the world. It describes measurement mechanisms for subjective probability questions with a special focus on the influence of cultural orientations pertinent to response patterns in these questions from the cross‐cultural psychology literature. Probabilistic expectation questions, especially the questions on subjective life expectancy (SLE), have been used extensively in policy research. Focusing on the US data, racial/ethnic/linguistic groups were associated with distinctive heaping patterns when responding to the SLE question. The chapter examines SLE item nonresponse using Health and Retirement Study (HRS), English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), and Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) public‐use data. ELSA and SHARE are modeled after HRS, and all three studies use a similar methodological approach.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the influence of individuals' competence, autonomy, and social relatedness on their work motivation, while the individual-level associations were moderated by the country-level religious affiliation, political participation, humane orientation and in-group collectivism.
Abstract: Work motivation plays a vital role in the development of organizations, as it increases employee productivity and effectiveness. To expand insights into individuals’ work motivation, the authors investigated the influence of individuals’ competence, autonomy, and social relatedness on their work motivation. Additionally, the country-level moderating factors of those individual-level associations were examined. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used to analyze data from 32,614 individuals from 25 countries, obtained from the World Values Survey (WVS). Findings showed that autonomy and social relatedness positively impacted work motivation, while competence negatively influenced work motivation. Moreover, the individual-level associations were moderated by the country-level religious affiliation, political participation, humane orientation, and in-group collectivism. Contributions, practical implications, and directions for further research were then discussed.
6 citations
08 Apr 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of 1,326 Brazilian, Chinese, and Ame... adolescents engage in immoral consumer behavior, like changing a price or lying for a discount, based on the theory of the need for social belonging.
Abstract: Why do adolescents engage in immoral consumer behavior, like changing a price or lying for a discount? Based on the theory of the need for social belonging, a study of 1,326 Brazilian, Chinese, Ame...
6 citations
Cites background from "Culture Leadership And Organization..."
...Four countries were selected as belonging to different cultural segments according to the intercultural model of the Globe (House et al., 2004): France belongs to the segment of Latin European countries, Brazil to that of Latin American countries, the United States to that of Anglo-Saxon countries, and China to that of Confucian Asia....
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...Four countries were selected as belonging to different cultural segments according to the intercultural model of the Globe (House et al., 2004): France belongs to the segment of Latin European countries, Brazil to that of Latin American countries, the United States to that of Anglo-Saxon countries,…...
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TL;DR: The results indicated that immigrant-owned SMEs are engaged in recycling, energy efficiency and reduction of waste and pollution, and their involvement in environmentally friendly products and environmental management policy is limited.
Abstract: Abstract Environmental sustainability of immigrant-owned small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is important to a country’s long-term sustainable development. The study investigated the environmental sustainability practices (ESP) of immigrant-owned SMEs. In addition, the study examined the effect of demographic factors (age, gender and level of education) on ESP. The study also investigated the relationship between ESP and financial performance of SMEs. Data was collected from one hundred and eighty two immigrant small business owners. The survey method (self-administered questionnaire) was used for data collection. The participants in the study were conveniently sampled. Descriptive statistics, T-test, Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used for data analysis. The results indicated that immigrant-owned SMEs are engaged in recycling, energy efficiency and reduction of waste and pollution. Their involvement in environmentally friendly products and environmental management policy is limited. Females exhibit higher levels of recycling, waste reduction energy efficiency and reduction of pollution. Age and level of education positively affect environmental sustainability practices. Waste reduction, energy efficiency and reduction of pollution have significant positive relationships with financial performance. Recommendations to improve EPS are suggested.
6 citations
References
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Umeå University1, North-West University2, Tilburg University3, University of Queensland4, National Research University – Higher School of Economics5, Victoria University of Wellington6, University of Lyon7, Stanford University8, Peking University9, Southwest University10, University of Zagreb11, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic12, Tallinn University13, University of Provence14, Heidelberg University15, Panteion University16, Tel-Hai Academic College17, Kyorin University18, Gunma University19, Hosei University20, Vilnius University21, Klaipėda University22, Universidad de Sonora23, The Catholic University of America24, University of Coimbra25, University of the Algarve26, Moscow State University27, University of Education, Winneba28, Tver State University29, Saratov State University30, Saint Petersburg State University31, Russian Academy32, Complutense University of Madrid33, University of East London34, Google35
TL;DR: In this paper, the structural equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) across 26 samples from 24 countries (N = 12,200) was assessed.
Abstract: In this article, we assess the structural equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) across 26 samples from 24 countries (N = 12,200). The ZTPI is proven to be a valid and reliable index of individual differences in time perspective across five temporal categories: Past Negative, Past Positive, Present Fatalistic, Present Hedonistic, and Future. We obtained evidence for invariance of 36 items (out of 56) and also the five-factor structure of ZTPI across 23 countries. The short ZTPI scales are reliable for country-level analysis, whereas we recommend the use of the full scales for individual-level analysis. The short version of ZTPI will further promote integration of research in the time perspective domain in relation to many different psycho-social processes.
525 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors examined the concept of humility among chief executive officers and the process through which it is connected to integration in the top management team (TMT) and middle managers' responses.
Abstract: In this article, we examine the concept of humility among chief executive officers (CEOs) and the process through which it is connected to integration in the top management team (TMT) and middle managers’ responses. We develop and validate a comprehensive measure of humility using multiple samples and then test a multilevel model of how CEOs’ humility links to the processes of top and middle managers. Our methodology involves survey data gathered twice from 328 TMT members and 645 middle managers in 63 private companies in China. We find CEO humility to be positively associated with empowering leadership behaviors, which in turn correlates with TMT integration. TMT integration then positively relates to middle managers’ perception of having an empowering organizational climate, which is then associated with their work engagement, affective commitment, and job performance. Findings confirm our hypotheses based on social information processing theory: humble CEOs connect to top and middle managers through c...
403 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of gender differences in three facets of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory revealed that observed gender differences were not explained by measurement bias and thus can be interpreted as true sex differences.
Abstract: Despite the widely held belief that men are more narcissistic than women, there has been no systematic review to establish the magnitude, variability across measures and settings, and stability over time of this gender difference. Drawing on the biosocial approach to social role theory, a meta-analysis performed for Study 1 found that men tended to be more narcissistic than women (d = .26; k = 355 studies; N = 470,846). This gender difference remained stable in U.S. college student cohorts over time (from 1990 to 2013) and across different age groups. Study 1 also investigated gender differences in three facets of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) to reveal that the narcissism gender difference is driven by the Exploitative/Entitlement facet (d = .29; k = 44 studies; N = 44,108) and Leadership/Authority facet (d = .20; k = 40 studies; N = 44,739); whereas the gender difference in Grandiose/Exhibitionism (d = .04; k = 39 studies; N = 42,460) was much smaller. We further investigated a less-studied form of narcissism called vulnerable narcissism—which is marked by low self-esteem, neuroticism, and introversion—to find that (in contrast to the more commonly studied form of narcissism found in the DSM and the NPI) men and women did not differ on vulnerable narcissism (d = −.04; k = 42 studies; N = 46,735). Study 2 used item response theory to rule out the possibility that measurement bias accounts for observed gender differences in the three facets of the NPI (N = 19,001). Results revealed that observed gender differences were not explained by measurement bias and thus can be interpreted as true sex differences. Discussion focuses on the implications for the biosocial construction model of gender differences, for the etiology of narcissism, for clinical applications, and for the role of narcissism in helping to explain gender differences in leadership and aggressive behavior. Readers are warned against overapplying small effect sizes to perpetuate gender stereotypes.
382 citations
TL;DR: The authors explored several types of school contexts (institutional, community, socio-cultural, political, economic, school improvement) and what they have learned about how they shape school leadership practice and found that the need to contextualize leadership highlights deficiencies in modal research.
Abstract: Research on educational leadership and management has resulted in the accumulation of increasingly persuasive findings concerning the impact school leadership can have on school performance. Indeed, there is a growing consensus that there exists a generic set of leadership practices (e.g. goal setting, developing people) which must be adapted to meet the needs and constraints that describe different school contexts. However, to date, researchers have yet to develop a theory or report comprehensive findings on this challenge. This paper explores several types of school contexts (institutional, community, socio-cultural, political, economic, school improvement) and what we have learned about how they shape school leadership practice. The analysis leads to several conclusions and recommendations. First, it affirms, elaborates and extends the assertion made by scholars of the importance of examining leadership in context. Second, the need to contextualize leadership highlights deficiencies in modal research m...
311 citations
University of Sussex1, University of Toulouse2, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile3, University of Miami4, Barry University5, Northwestern University6, West University of Timișoara7, University of Buea8, Nanyang Technological University9, Makerere University10, University of Namibia11, National Research University – Higher School of Economics12, Université catholique de Louvain13, University of Iceland14, American University of Beirut15, Complutense University of Madrid16, Ateneo de Manila University17, University of Cambridge18, Chinese Academy of Sciences19, North China University of Science and Technology20, University of Gdańsk21, Hokkaido University22, Osaka University23, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru24, University of Tartu25, Istanbul Şehir University26, University of Ghana27, Yaşar University28, Bilkent University29, Thammasat University30, University of Colorado Colorado Springs31, University of Wisconsin-Madison32, University of Los Andes33, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul34, University of Malaya35, University of Agder36, Victoria University of Wellington37, Uludağ University38, Ankara University39, Sultan Qaboos University40, Addis Ababa University41, The Chinese University of Hong Kong42, Hungarian Academy of Sciences43, Federal University of Paraíba44, Federal University of Pará45, Leipzig University46, University of Jena47, University of Milan48, Hong Kong Polytechnic University49
TL;DR: A new 7-dimensional model of self-reported ways of being independent or interdependent is developed and validated across cultures and will allow future researchers to test more accurately the implications of cultural models of selfhood for psychological processes in diverse ecocultural contexts.
Abstract: Markus and Kitayama’s (1991) theory of independent and interdependent self-construals had a major influence on social, personality, and developmental psychology by highlighting the role of culture in psychological processes. However, research has relied excessively on contrasts between North American and East Asian samples, and commonly used self-report measures of independence and interdependence frequently fail to show predicted cultural differences. We revisited the conceptualization and measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals in 2 large-scale multinational surveys, using improved methods for cross-cultural research. We developed (Study 1: N = 2924 students in 16 nations) and validated across cultures (Study 2: N = 7279 adults from 55 cultural groups in 33 nations) a new 7-dimensional model of self-reported ways of being independent or interdependent. Patterns of global variation support some of Markus and Kitayama’s predictions, but a simple contrast between independence and interdependence does not adequately capture the diverse models of selfhood that prevail in different world regions. Cultural groups emphasize different ways of being both independent and interdependent, depending on individualism-collectivism, national socioeconomic development, and religious heritage. Our 7-dimensional model will allow future researchers to test more accurately the implications of cultural models of selfhood for psychological processes in diverse ecocultural contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
309 citations