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Culture Leadership And Organizations The Globe Study Of 62 Societies

01 Jan 2016-
TL;DR: For example, the authors found that people search numerous times for their chosen books like this culture leadership and organizations the globe study of 62 societies, but end up in infectious downloads, instead of reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer.
Abstract: Thank you for reading culture leadership and organizations the globe study of 62 societies. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen books like this culture leadership and organizations the globe study of 62 societies, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the structural equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) across 26 samples from 24 countries (N = 12,200) was assessed.
Abstract: In this article, we assess the structural equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) across 26 samples from 24 countries (N = 12,200). The ZTPI is proven to be a valid and reliable index of individual differences in time perspective across five temporal categories: Past Negative, Past Positive, Present Fatalistic, Present Hedonistic, and Future. We obtained evidence for invariance of 36 items (out of 56) and also the five-factor structure of ZTPI across 23 countries. The short ZTPI scales are reliable for country-level analysis, whereas we recommend the use of the full scales for individual-level analysis. The short version of ZTPI will further promote integration of research in the time perspective domain in relation to many different psycho-social processes.

525 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors examined the concept of humility among chief executive officers and the process through which it is connected to integration in the top management team (TMT) and middle managers' responses.
Abstract: In this article, we examine the concept of humility among chief executive officers (CEOs) and the process through which it is connected to integration in the top management team (TMT) and middle managers’ responses. We develop and validate a comprehensive measure of humility using multiple samples and then test a multilevel model of how CEOs’ humility links to the processes of top and middle managers. Our methodology involves survey data gathered twice from 328 TMT members and 645 middle managers in 63 private companies in China. We find CEO humility to be positively associated with empowering leadership behaviors, which in turn correlates with TMT integration. TMT integration then positively relates to middle managers’ perception of having an empowering organizational climate, which is then associated with their work engagement, affective commitment, and job performance. Findings confirm our hypotheses based on social information processing theory: humble CEOs connect to top and middle managers through c...

403 citations


Cites background from "Culture Leadership And Organization..."

  • ...It would be interesting to explore how subordinates respond to humble CEOs or leaders in Western contexts such as the United States, where humility is assumed to be more rare or less valued (House et al., 2004)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Investigation of gender differences in three facets of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory revealed that observed gender differences were not explained by measurement bias and thus can be interpreted as true sex differences.
Abstract: Despite the widely held belief that men are more narcissistic than women, there has been no systematic review to establish the magnitude, variability across measures and settings, and stability over time of this gender difference. Drawing on the biosocial approach to social role theory, a meta-analysis performed for Study 1 found that men tended to be more narcissistic than women (d = .26; k = 355 studies; N = 470,846). This gender difference remained stable in U.S. college student cohorts over time (from 1990 to 2013) and across different age groups. Study 1 also investigated gender differences in three facets of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) to reveal that the narcissism gender difference is driven by the Exploitative/Entitlement facet (d = .29; k = 44 studies; N = 44,108) and Leadership/Authority facet (d = .20; k = 40 studies; N = 44,739); whereas the gender difference in Grandiose/Exhibitionism (d = .04; k = 39 studies; N = 42,460) was much smaller. We further investigated a less-studied form of narcissism called vulnerable narcissism—which is marked by low self-esteem, neuroticism, and introversion—to find that (in contrast to the more commonly studied form of narcissism found in the DSM and the NPI) men and women did not differ on vulnerable narcissism (d = −.04; k = 42 studies; N = 46,735). Study 2 used item response theory to rule out the possibility that measurement bias accounts for observed gender differences in the three facets of the NPI (N = 19,001). Results revealed that observed gender differences were not explained by measurement bias and thus can be interpreted as true sex differences. Discussion focuses on the implications for the biosocial construction model of gender differences, for the etiology of narcissism, for clinical applications, and for the role of narcissism in helping to explain gender differences in leadership and aggressive behavior. Readers are warned against overapplying small effect sizes to perpetuate gender stereotypes.

382 citations


Cites methods from "Culture Leadership And Organization..."

  • ...We coded each sample’s country of data collection using gender egalitarianism ratings as reported in Emrich et al. (2004)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors explored several types of school contexts (institutional, community, socio-cultural, political, economic, school improvement) and what they have learned about how they shape school leadership practice and found that the need to contextualize leadership highlights deficiencies in modal research.
Abstract: Research on educational leadership and management has resulted in the accumulation of increasingly persuasive findings concerning the impact school leadership can have on school performance. Indeed, there is a growing consensus that there exists a generic set of leadership practices (e.g. goal setting, developing people) which must be adapted to meet the needs and constraints that describe different school contexts. However, to date, researchers have yet to develop a theory or report comprehensive findings on this challenge. This paper explores several types of school contexts (institutional, community, socio-cultural, political, economic, school improvement) and what we have learned about how they shape school leadership practice. The analysis leads to several conclusions and recommendations. First, it affirms, elaborates and extends the assertion made by scholars of the importance of examining leadership in context. Second, the need to contextualize leadership highlights deficiencies in modal research m...

311 citations


Cites background from "Culture Leadership And Organization..."

  • ...Quantitative, cross-national comparative studies have proven extremely valuable in elaborating and testing the cross-cultural generalizability of leadership models in the general management literature (House et al., 2004)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new 7-dimensional model of self-reported ways of being independent or interdependent is developed and validated across cultures and will allow future researchers to test more accurately the implications of cultural models of selfhood for psychological processes in diverse ecocultural contexts.
Abstract: Markus and Kitayama’s (1991) theory of independent and interdependent self-construals had a major influence on social, personality, and developmental psychology by highlighting the role of culture in psychological processes. However, research has relied excessively on contrasts between North American and East Asian samples, and commonly used self-report measures of independence and interdependence frequently fail to show predicted cultural differences. We revisited the conceptualization and measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals in 2 large-scale multinational surveys, using improved methods for cross-cultural research. We developed (Study 1: N = 2924 students in 16 nations) and validated across cultures (Study 2: N = 7279 adults from 55 cultural groups in 33 nations) a new 7-dimensional model of self-reported ways of being independent or interdependent. Patterns of global variation support some of Markus and Kitayama’s predictions, but a simple contrast between independence and interdependence does not adequately capture the diverse models of selfhood that prevail in different world regions. Cultural groups emphasize different ways of being both independent and interdependent, depending on individualism-collectivism, national socioeconomic development, and religious heritage. Our 7-dimensional model will allow future researchers to test more accurately the implications of cultural models of selfhood for psychological processes in diverse ecocultural contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

309 citations


Cites background or methods or result from "Culture Leadership And Organization..."

  • ...independence and interdependence as separate and unitary dimensions of individual differences (see Taras et al., 2014). We believe that this model poorly reflects Markus and Kitayama’s (1991) original theorizing, and that its prevalence in the literature stems from a longstanding neglect of wellknown principles of cross-cultural research methodology. In the current paper, we seek to revisit —and hopefully reinvigorate—Markus and Kitayama’s (1991) original goal of revealing the diversity of models of selfhood across cultures....

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  • ...Crucially, we sampled participants from 16 cultural contexts, used a more extensive pool of items than in previous exploratory studies, adjusted ratings for acquiescent response style, and used appropriate statistical procedures for individual-level analysis of pancultural data (Leung & Bond, 1989). This informed the development of a new, seven-dimensional model of individual differences in self-construals, extending Markus and Kitayama’s (1991) original theory....

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  • ...In so doing, we were especially interested to test the adequacy of Markus and Kitayama’s (1991) contrast between independence and interdependence to represent global variation in self-construals....

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  • ...Markus and Kitayama’s (1991) theory of independent and interdependent self-construals had a major influence...

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  • ...We divided our cultural groups into six ‘world regions’, according to both geographical position and cultural heritage: Western, Eastern European, Middle Eastern, Southern and Eastern Asian, Sub-Saharan African, and Latin American (see Table 4). To do this, we drew on the classification of countries into major world regions by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2011), as well as the cultural regions identified in major previous studies of cross-cultural differences (Georgas & Berry, 1995; Georgas et al....

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References
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01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this article, a model that incorporates a number of economic variables (market-seeking and efficiency-seeking motives) together with government policies, the culture dimension and business networks, to investigate Multinational Corporations' (MNCs) motivation to invest abroad and validates them in the context of the Vietnamese services industry with the aim of enhancing current literature regarding MNCs' motivations to invest in Vietnam.
Abstract: Foreign direct investment (FDI) is as an important source of economic growth, especially in developing countries like Vietnam. Therefore, Vietnam has maintained a policy of encouraging FDI since the promulgation of the first Law on Foreign Investment in 1987. Foreign investors responded to this open door policy quickly which resulted in Vietnam receiving a large amount of FDI. Despite a considerable number of studies examining the determinants of FDI inflow, these studies have resulted in conflicting opinions. Some have argued that economic variables together with government policies are the important factors affecting FDI. Others suggest that not only traditional economic factors and government policies, but also cultural factors and business networks are the main determinants of FDI. This thesis develops a model that incorporates a number of economic variables (market-seeking and efficiency-seeking motives) together with government policies, the culture dimension and business networks, to investigate Multinational Corporations’ (MNCs) motivation to invest abroad and validates them in the context of the Vietnamese services industry with the aim of enhancing current literature regarding MNCs’ motivations to invest in Vietnam. The primary data (from 288 MNCs operating in the services industry in Vietnam) was predominantly analysed through structural equation modelling to assess a number of hypotheses concerning FDI determinants. Other techniques employed for data analysis included descriptive statistics and confirmatory factor analysis to examine the construct validity of the research measures and to cluster the variables into common factors that can present relationships among sets of interrelated variables. The analysis revealed a number of significant findings. First, the study confirmed the Eclectic paradigm view the market-seeking motives significantly influences FDI location decisions. Second, efficiency-seeking motives and business networks have an insignificant influence on FDI location decisions. Finally, the study also shows the

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jul 2019-BMJ Open
TL;DR: The leadership competency gained through short-term global clinical health experience and the process of individual leadership Competency development are clarified and provide expected learning competency for those considering medical practice in developing or other countries in the future.
Abstract: Objectives Globalisation has increased the opportunities for health professionals working in developed countries to provide clinical and educational support in developing countries. However, how these experiences contribute to the leadership competency of health professionals is unclear; therefore, this study explored this with the objective of analysing the process of developing individual leadership competency. Design This is a qualitative descriptive study. Qualitative descriptive study is widely used in healthcare research, particularly to describe the nature of various healthcare phenomena. Qualitative descriptive data were collected in face-to-face, semistructured interviews. Setting The authors interviewed Japanese health professionals who participated in an international medical cooperation project as part of a multinational medical team between July 2017 and March 2018, and analysed and interpreted the data using a social constructivism paradigm. Participants The authors interviewed 20 research participants, including 5 nurses, 5 dentists and 10 physicians with an average of 15.3 years of clinical experience. Results The interviews identified 58 emergent themes related to their leadership competency, 23 of which affected the actual medical care in their own institutions. The authors categorised the 58 emergent themes into seven competency areas: leadership concepts, teambuilding, direction setting, communication, business skills, working with others and self-development. The authors identified the relationships among each competency and identified differences between professions: nurses particularly reflected on their empathic attitudes towards patient after global clinical health experience; dentists tended to reflect on their business skills; physicians tended to reflect on their leadership concepts and teambuilding. Conclusions This study clarified the leadership competency gained through short-term global clinical health experience and the process of individual leadership competency development. The findings provide expected learning competency for those considering medical practice in developing or other countries in the future.

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although uncertainty avoidance is identified as an important concept for understanding intrapreneurial intentions as discussed by the authors, empirical findings have not been consistent in portraying a broader picture of how intrapreservational intentions are expressed.
Abstract: Although uncertainty avoidance is identified as an important concept for understanding intrapreneurial intentions, empirical findings have not been consistent in portraying a broader picture of how...

11 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors take a multidisciplinary approach mapping the models used by UK higher education institutions against established international business foreign market entry strategies, and explore the key areas of emerging interest, the differences in the franchise model, the extent to which Greenfield sites differ and the lack of Brownfield activity within the current environment.
Abstract: We take a multidisciplinary approach mapping the models used by UK higher education (HE) institutions against established international business foreign market entry strategies. We review the conditions in host markets that facilitate market entry and consider how these will determine foreign market entry strategy. We specifically consider four macro-environmental factors: (a) the existence of a market, (b) the adherence to supranational institutions and the harmonisation of national legislation, (c) the convergence of the home and host cultures as manifested by the appeal of UK degrees with the local population and (d) the penetration of technology. These four factors and the models used for exporting UK HE are mapped against market entry strategies. We conclude by exploring the key areas of emerging interest, the differences in the franchise model, the extent to which Greenfield sites differ and the lack of Brownfield activity within the current environment.

11 citations