Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, 3rd ed.
01 Jan 2010-
About: The article was published on 2010-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 2592 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Software.
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TL;DR: This article examined how culture and gender shape entrepreneurial perceptions and intentions within Hofstede's cultural dimensions framework and gender role theory and found that significant gender differences exist in barrier perceptions and a moderating effect of gender on the relationship between barriers and entrepreneurial intentions is identified.
Abstract: This paper examines how culture and gender shape entrepreneurial perceptions and intentions within Hofstede's cultural dimensions framework and gender role theory. We test whether gender differences exist in the way university students in three nations perceive barriers to entrepreneurship and whether gender has a moderating effect on the relationship between perceived barriers and entrepreneurial intentions across nations. Findings indicate significant gender differences in barrier perceptions. However, this gap is not consistent across cultures. Also, a moderating effect of gender on the relationship between barriers and entrepreneurial intentions is identified. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
647 citations
Cites background from "Cultures and Organizations: Softwar..."
...Commonly shared cultural beliefs Table 1 Country Rankings on Hofstede’s Dimensions Cultural dimension China United States Belgium World average Individualism 20 91 72 43 Uncertainty avoidance 30 46 93 64 Power distance 80 40 67 55 Masculinity 66 62 60 50 Source: Hofstede et al. (2010)....
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TL;DR: An innovative and comprehensive theoretical model that combines the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) of Venkatesh, Thong, and Xu, with cultural moderators from Hofstede is proposed, providing new insights into factors affecting the acceptation and how culture influences individual use behaviour.
593 citations
Umeå University1, North-West University2, Tilburg University3, University of Queensland4, National Research University – Higher School of Economics5, Victoria University of Wellington6, University of Lyon7, Stanford University8, Peking University9, Southwest University10, University of Zagreb11, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic12, Tallinn University13, University of Provence14, Heidelberg University15, Panteion University16, Tel-Hai Academic College17, Kyorin University18, Gunma University19, Hosei University20, Vilnius University21, Klaipėda University22, Universidad de Sonora23, The Catholic University of America24, University of Coimbra25, University of the Algarve26, Moscow State University27, University of Education, Winneba28, Tver State University29, Saratov State University30, Saint Petersburg State University31, Russian Academy32, Complutense University of Madrid33, University of East London34, Google35
TL;DR: In this paper, the structural equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) across 26 samples from 24 countries (N = 12,200) was assessed.
Abstract: In this article, we assess the structural equivalence of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) across 26 samples from 24 countries (N = 12,200). The ZTPI is proven to be a valid and reliable index of individual differences in time perspective across five temporal categories: Past Negative, Past Positive, Present Fatalistic, Present Hedonistic, and Future. We obtained evidence for invariance of 36 items (out of 56) and also the five-factor structure of ZTPI across 23 countries. The short ZTPI scales are reliable for country-level analysis, whereas we recommend the use of the full scales for individual-level analysis. The short version of ZTPI will further promote integration of research in the time perspective domain in relation to many different psycho-social processes.
525 citations
Cites background from "Cultures and Organizations: Softwar..."
...Recently, Hofstede, Hofstede, and Minkov (2010) proposed a new version of this index of long-term versus short-term orientation, based on a subset of the World Values Survey items, and evidenced a relation between the score calculated for 93 countries with school results and economic growth…...
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors adopt the evaluators' perspective on legitimacy to develop a multilevel conceptualization of institutional processes, based on the distinction of macro-and microfoundations of institutions.
Abstract: The distinction of macro- and microfoundations of institutions implies a multilevel conceptualization of institutional processes. We adopt the evaluators' perspective on legitimacy to develop a mul...
523 citations
Cites background from "Cultures and Organizations: Softwar..."
...Future research should explore whether actors in collectivist and individualist societies (Hofstede, 2010) react differently to suppressor factors....
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TL;DR: A growing number of leadership writers argue leader humility is important to organizational effectiveness as mentioned in this paper, but little is known about the construct, why some leaders behave more humbly than others, and why they are more successful than others.
Abstract: Although a growing number of leadership writers argue leader humility is important to organizational effectiveness, little is known about the construct, why some leaders behave more humbly than oth...
500 citations
Cites background from "Cultures and Organizations: Softwar..."
...Given our findings related to hierarchical culture, it may be particularly interesting to examine leader humility in countries with generalized differences in the dimensions of uncertainty tolerance, collectivism/ individualism, and masculinity/femininity (Hofstede & Hofstede, 2005)....
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