Cumulative Effects Associated With Recurrent Concussion in Collegiate Football Players: The NCAA Concussion Study
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Cites background from "Cumulative Effects Associated With ..."
...These studies indicate that safe return to play guidelines might require at least 4 to 6 weeks to facilitate more complete recovery and to protect from reinjury, as a second concussion occurs much more frequently in the immediate period after a concussion (106, 110)....
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1,484 citations
Cites background from "Cumulative Effects Associated With ..."
...We previously found that the largest percentage of collegiate football players were withheld from competition for an average of less than 5 days after concussion.(25) The disparity between our data on average recovery time and concurrent reports on time withheld from play after concussion raises concerns based on the common assumption that resuming competition before reaching full recovery may increase the risks of recurrent injury, cumulative impairment, or even catastrophic outcome....
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...Recent epidemiological and prospective clinical studies estimate that approximately 3% to 8% of high school and collegiate football players sustain a concussion each season.(10,13,15-25) More concerning is the trend toward an increasing rate of concussion in collegiate football over the last 7 years....
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References
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"Cumulative Effects Associated With ..." refers methods in this paper
...We controlled for potential confounders using a multivariate generalized Poisson regression model for the rate of concussion.(38-40) This model was implemented using a generalized-estimatingequations approach to account for repeated concussions in the same athlete and clustering of athletes by school....
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1,484 citations
"Cumulative Effects Associated With ..." refers methods in this paper
...Additionally, 17 of the participating schools were randomly assigned to an “assessment group” and were asked to use a brief battery of concussion assessment tools.(35) Members of the research team retrospectively graded concussion severity using the information regarding symptom duration on the concussion index....
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1,318 citations
"Cumulative Effects Associated With ..." refers background in this paper
...Although this theory has yet to be confirmed in a human model, animal research has identified acute metabolic dysfunction following cerebral concussion that might explain the increased neuronal vulnerability that can exist for several days following injury.(26-30) The purposes of this study were to examine the association between history of previous concussions and likelihood of experiencing recurrent concussions and to compare time to recovery following concussion between athletes with a history of previous concussion compared with those without a history of previous concussion....
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...The increased lactate is believed to leave neurons more vulnerable to secondary ischemic injury and has been considered a possible predisposition to repeat injury.(26,27) Later steps in this physiologic Table 3....
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