Current understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms in fibroplasia and angiogenesis during acute wound healing
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1,056 citations
Cites background from "Current understanding of molecular ..."
...Live imaging studies in CNS in vivo show that microglia and NG2-OPC immediately migrate to sites of tissue damage and BBB leak (Hughes et al., 2013; Nimmerjahn 232 Neuron 81, January 22, 2014 ª2014 Elsevier Inc. et al., 2005)....
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...244 Neuron 81, January 22, 2014 ª2014 Elsevier Inc....
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...242 Neuron 81, January 22, 2014 ª2014 Elsevier Inc....
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...…serve as ‘‘danger’’ signals to alert innate immune cells to tissue injury and promote clearance of ‘‘altered self’’ cellular debris via activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on phagocytic innate immune cells (Figure 4C) (Chan et al., 2012; Griffiths et al., 2010; Kono and Rock, 2008)....
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...In mature lesions, it is useful to recognize three very distinct lesion compartments: (1) the central lesion core of nonneural tissue comprised of locally derived fibroblast-lineage cells, blood vessels, infiltrating fibrocytes and inflammatory cells, and extracellular matrix; (2) the compact astrocyte scar that immediately surrounds the lesion core and consists of densely packed astrocytes with few if any neurons or oligodendrocytes; and (3) the perilesion perimeter of viable neural tissue that is adjacent to the compact astrocyte scar and contains all Neuron 81, January 22, 2014 ª2014 Elsevier Inc. 233 three types of neural-lineage cells (neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes) and exhibits a tapering reactive gliosis that gradually transitions to healthy tissue (Figure 2)....
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440 citations
Cites background from "Current understanding of molecular ..."
...Traditionally, wound healing processes have been divided into four overlapping phases of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling that each wound needs to go through in order to heal normally (Figure 1) [11, 12]....
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363 citations
319 citations
Cites background from "Current understanding of molecular ..."
...This initial extracellular matrix is further remodeled by metalloproteinases released from fibroblasts [39] and macrophages, [40] forming a new provisional extracellular matrix to support neutrophil and monocyte migration [41, 42]....
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...The approximated time of each of the wound healing phases is illustrated in the bars at the bottom of the graphic [41]....
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...Finally, fibroblasts synthesize and deposit new extracellular matrix that gives support to cells and new blood vessels [41, 144], forming the granulation tissue....
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...Local resting fibroblasts become activated and begin producing collagen that gradually transforms the EPM into a late collagen rich ECM....
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...After acute skin injury, fibrinogen, fibronectin, proteoglycan, and platelets from plasma come into contact with collagen of the extracellular matrix (ECM), forming a fibrin rich early provisional matrix cross-linked with fibronectin (EPM) [41, 155]....
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293 citations
References
5,793 citations
"Current understanding of molecular ..." refers background in this paper
...angiogenin, angiotropin, and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) released by infiltrating macrophages and keratinocytes [14–16]....
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5,462 citations
"Current understanding of molecular ..." refers background in this paper
...order to re-establish homeostatic mechanisms, prevent infection and minimise fluid loss [2,3]....
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...endothelial cell proliferation, phenotypic alteration and migration as well as ECM deposition and granulation tissue formation [3,8]....
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3,836 citations
"Current understanding of molecular ..." refers background in this paper
...original MF and surrounding neighbours repeat the process so that remodelling of small sections produces an overall tissue contraction response [39]....
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...Myofibroblasts are recognised by increased expression of aSMA, collagen I & III, EDA-FN and CD34 positive cells [39]....
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...Tomasek previously outlined the ‘‘slip and ratchet’’ hypothesis of how MF contracture translates into functional shortening of collagen-based ECM [39]....
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...4) [39,41,42]....
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...A positive feedback loop is created where tension facilitates further TGF-b release and final maturation into myofibroblasts which generate the majority of contractile forces in the wound [39]....
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3,234 citations
Additional excerpts
...angiogenesis Scarring [136,137,149,158–160]...
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...keratinocyte migration [136,137,139–144]...
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...ECM degradation [136–140]...
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2,926 citations