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Journal ArticleDOI

Cyclic Electro-Mechanical Modelling of Uniaxially Stretched PVDF

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used two approaches to model cyclic stress with the number of cycles and the effect of cyclic loading on the material, in terms of entropy generation for mechanical and electrical response, is considered for modelling and this approach is adopted to model the PVDF response when subjected to cyclic load.
Abstract: Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a piezopolymer, and it has numerous applications as sensors and actuators. Uniaxially stretched PVDF subjected to cyclic stresses finds usage in different applications. Characterising the cyclic response of PVDF through appropriate models is important. In this study, we used two approaches to model cyclic stress with the number of cycles. In the first approach, the evolution equations are used and adopted to model the variation of the cyclic mechanical response of PVDF to track the cyclic response at each time step. In the second approach, the effect of cyclic loading on the material, in terms of entropy generation for mechanical and electrical response, is considered for modelling and this approach is adopted to model the PVDF response when subjected to cyclic loading. The mean stress and voltage variation with the number of cycles are predicted.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a damage metric based on the second law of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics is presented, which treats a solid body as a thermodynamic system and requires that the entropy production be nonnegative.
Abstract: Damage mechanics describes the degradation process that takes place in materials and structures. Traditionally, Coffin–Manson type empirical curves are used to determine the fatigue life. Damage mechanics allows us to determine the fatigue life without the need for empirical curves. The main problem in damage mechanics has always been a lack of universally agreed upon definition of a damage metric. In this paper a damage metric based on the second law of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics is presented. The proposed thermodynamic framework treats a solid body as a thermodynamic system and requires that the entropy production be nonnegative. Verification of the damage model has been performed by extensive comparisons with laboratory test data of low cycle fatigue of Pb40/Sn60 solder alloy.

222 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
29 Jan 2016-Entropy
TL;DR: The generalized fractional Riemann-Liouville and Caputo like derivative for functions defined on fractal sets are introduced and the non-local Laplace transformation is given and applied for solving linear and non-linear fractal equations.
Abstract: In this manuscript we introduced the generalized fractional Riemann-Liouville and Caputo like derivative for functions defined on fractal sets. The Gamma, Mittag-Leffler and Beta functions were defined on the fractal sets. The non-local Laplace transformation is given and applied for solving linear and non-linear fractal equations. The advantage of using these new nonlocal derivatives on the fractals subset of real-line lies in the fact that they are better at modeling processes with memory effect.

206 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a thermodynamic framework has been presented for damage mechanics of solid materials, where entropy production is used as the sole measure of damage evolution in the system, and predictions are compared with experimental results, which indicates that entropy production can be used as a damage evolution metric.
Abstract: The entropy production is a non-negative quantity based on irreversible thermodynamics and thus serves as a basis for the systematic description of the irreversible processes occurring in a solid. In this paper, a thermodynamic framework has been presented for damage mechanics of solid materials, where entropy production is used as the sole measure of damage evolution in the system. As a result, there is no need for physically meaningless empirical parameters to define a phenomenological damage potential surface or a Weibull function to trace damage evolution in solid continuum. In order to validate the model, predictions are compared with experimental results, which indicates that entropy production can be used as a damage evolution metric. The theory is founded on the basic premise that a solid continuum obeys the first and the second laws of thermodynamics.

197 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a consistent experimental program has been developed to investigate the mechanical and electrical properties of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and the results of the study indicate that this piezoelectric polymer can be characterized as an orthotropic, thermorheologically simple material with constant PDE strain coefficients over the experimental range of stresses, frequencies and temperatures.
Abstract: A consistent experimental program has been developed to investigate the mechanical and electrical properties of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The results of the study indicate that this piezoelectric polymer can be characterized as an orthotropic, thermorheologically simple material with constant piezoelectric strain coefficients over the experimental range of stresses, frequencies and temperatures. The mechanical properties of PVDF are time-dependent and, under certain loading and temperature conditions, can be treated using the principles of linear hereditary viscoelasticity.

176 citations