scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal ArticleDOI

Cyclotron Autoresonance with TE and TM Guided Waves

21 Apr 2005-International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves (Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers)-Vol. 26, Iss: 5, pp 669-689
TL;DR: In this article, a unified first-principles approach is applied to the analysis of the interaction of gyrating electrons with electromagnetic waves with different characteristic impedance, and an approximate constant of motion is derived for the latter case from which the requirements for autoresonance can be satisfied easily in comparison to the TE modes.
Abstract: The electron cyclotron autoresonance is of both theoretical and practical interest for acceleration of charged particles and for generation of microwave radiation in various gyro-devices. In this paper a unified first-principles approach is applied to the analysis of the interaction of gyrating electrons with electromagnetic waves with different characteristic impedance. In contrast to the previous works that consider the underlying autoresonance integral only for the case of plane transverse waves and TE modes our analysis is applied also to TM modes. An approximate constant of motion is derived for the latter case from which it follows that the requirements for autoresonance can be satisfied easily in comparison to the TE modes. Some fundamental relations which follow from the analysis are discussed as well.
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the 50th anniversary of the discovery of cyclotron autoresonance is celebrated and the experimental and theoretical aspects of this field of research have been reviewed over time.
Abstract: Commemorating the 50th anniversary of the discovery of cyclotron autoresonance, this paper briefly reviews how the experimental and theoretical aspects of this field of research have been developed over time.

28 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a linear formulation of a cyclotron autoresonance maser operating in a general transverse-magnetic (TM) mode is derived, and a detailed analysis of the influences of the parameters is presented for the TM1,1 mode CARM.
Abstract: In the fast-wave devices like gyrotron, gyro-peniotron and cyclotron autoresonance maser (CARM) that generate millimeter and sub-millimeter waves, the transverse dimensions of the resonator and the output cylindrical waveguide become small. In order to prevent loss of electrons and thermal loading of the rf structure, the electron beam must be kept relatively far from the walls. The latter requirement demands smaller transverse dimensions of the helical electron beam as well. In this paper linear formulation of a CARM operating in a general transverse-magnetic (TM) mode is derived, and a detailed analysis of the influences of the parameters is presented for the TM1,1 mode CARM. It is found that, compared to the TE1,1 mode which is often employed in gyrotron traveling wave tube (gyro-TWT) and CARM experiments, the TM1,1 mode has a greater eigen value and consequently leads to a greater waveguide radius for a given cutoff wave number, and also, allows the electron beam to be settled close to the waveguide axis to have a small transverse dimension. Results show that a TM-mode CARM can reach high power and ultrahigh gain, just as a TE-mode CARM or a TE-mode gyro-TWT does.

10 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, a linear formulation of a cyclotron autoresonance maser operating in a general transverse-magnetic (TM) mode is derived, and a detailed analysis of the influences of the parameters is presented for the TM 1,1 mode CARM.
Abstract: In the fast-wave devices like gyrotron, gyro-peniotron and cyclotron autoresonance maser (CARM) that generate millimeter and sub-millimeter waves, the transverse dimensions of the resonator and the output cylindrical waveguide become small. In order to prevent loss of electrons and thermal loading of the rf structure, the electron beam must be kept relatively far from the walls. The latter requirement demands smaller transverse dimensions of the helical electron beam as well. In this paper linear formulation of a CARM operating in a general transverse-magnetic (TM) mode is derived, and a detailed analysis of the influences of the parameters is presented for the TM 1,1 mode CARM. It is found that, compared to the TE 1,1 mode which is often employed in gyrotron traveling wave tube (gyro-TWT) and CARM experiments, the TM 1,1 mode has a greater eigen value and consequently leads to a greater waveguide radius for a given cutoff wave number, and also, allows the electron beam to be settled close to the waveguide axis to have a small transverse dimension. Results show that a TM-mode CARM can reach high power and ultrahigh gain, just as a TE-mode CARM or a TE-mode gyro-TWT does.

9 citations


Cites background from "Cyclotron Autoresonance with TE and..."

  • ...In a TM-mode CARM, however, this approximate invariant leads to an interesting peculiarity that the cyclotron autoresonance condition is easily satisfied in a broad region of the phase velocity [ 6 ]....

    [...]

  • ...[ 6 ], where vph is the phase velocity of the wave, γ and vz are the electron’s relativistic energy factor and the axial velocity, respectively....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the transverse magnetic (TM) waveguide modes, which have long been considered as the unsuitable ones for the operation of the electron cyclotron maser.
Abstract: This study examines the transverse magnetic (TM) waveguide modes, which have long been considered as the unsuitable ones for the operation of the electron cyclotron maser. The beam-wave coupling strength of the TM modes, as expected, is found to be relatively weak as compared with that of the transverse electric (TE) waveguide modes. Unlike TE modes, surprisingly, the linear behavior of the TM modes depends on the sign of the wave number kz. The negative kz has a much stronger linear efficiency than that of the positive kz. The bunching mechanism analysis further exhibits that the azimuthal bunching and axial bunching do not compete but cooperate with each other for the backward-wave operation (negative kz). The current findings are encouraging and imply that TM modes might be advantageous to the gyrotron backward-wave oscillators.

8 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a TM-mode CARM is derived and detailed simulations are presented for the TM1,1-mode autoresonance maser, which can reach high power of megawatts and ultra-high gain of more than 70 dB, as a TE1, 1-mode gyrotron traveling wave tube (gyro-TWT) and TE1-1-maser did in the reported experiments.
Abstract: In the gyrotron operation, the transverse-magnetic (TM) mode is excluded because the TM mode instability vanishes when the vacuum waveguide mode and the beam mode are at grazing incidence. However, situation changes in a cyclotron autoresonance maser (CARM) interaction. In this paper nonlinear formulation of a TM-mode CARM is derived, and detailed simulations are presented for the TM1,1-mode CARM. Simulation results show that a TM1,1-mode CARM can reach high power of megawatts and ultrahigh gain of more than 70 dB, as a TE1,1-mode gyrotron traveling wave tube (gyro-TWT) and TE1,1-mode CARM did in the reported experiments.

7 citations


Cites methods from "Cyclotron Autoresonance with TE and..."

  • ...Furthermore, the cyclotron autoresonance condition is broadly satisfied for the interaction of a TM mode with a relativistic electron beam [ 7 ]....

    [...]

References
More filters
Book
01 Jan 1961
TL;DR: In this article, a wide circle of engineering-technical and scientific workers who are concerned with oscillatory processes is devoted to the approximate asymptotic methods of solving the problems in the theory of nonlinear oscillations met in many fields of physics and engineering.
Abstract: : This book is devoted to the approximate asymptotic methods of solving the problems in the theory of nonlinear oscillations met in many fields of physics and engineering. It is intended for the wide circle of engineering-technical and scientific workers who are concerned with oscillatory processes. Contents include the following: Natural oscillations in quasi-linear systems; The method of the phase plane; The influence of external periodic forces; The method of the mean; Justification of the asymptotic methods.

2,259 citations

Book
01 Jan 1954

1,219 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the state-of-the-art in high-power microwave source research is reviewed, and the history and recent developments of both high-peak power and high-average power sources are reviewed in the context of four main areas of application: (1) plasma resonance heating and current drive; (2) rf acceleration of charged particles; (3) radar and communications systems; and (4) high peak power sources for weapons-effect simulation and exploratory development.
Abstract: This article reviews the state-of-the-art in high-power microwave source research. It begins with a discussion of the concepts involved in coherent microwave generation. The main varieties of microwave tubes are classified into three groups, according to the fundamental radiation mechanism involved: Cherenkov, transition, or bremsstrahlung radiation. This is followed by a brief discussion of some of the technical fundamentals of high-power microwave sources, including power supplies and electron guns. Finally, the history and recent developments of both high-peak power and high-average power sources are reviewed in the context of four main areas of application: (1) plasma resonance heating and current drive; (2) rf acceleration of charged particles; (3) radar and communications systems; and (4) high-peak power sources for weapons-effect simulation and exploratory development.

374 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the eyelotron auto-resonance maser is the most effective free electron laser (Doppertron) at milimetere and submillimetre wavelengths.
Abstract: As follows from theory, supported by experiment, if the electron energy grows to ∼ 1 McV the gyroton preserves its capability to produce single-mode radiation in the millimetere wave range with rather high efficiency. If the electron energy is ultra-relativistic (≳ 1 McV), preference must be given to the eyelotron auto-resonance maser, which is, in principle, the most effective type of free electron laser (‘ doppertron’) at milimetere and submillimetre wavelengths.

294 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 1999
TL;DR: The development of gyro-oscillators for fusion experiments has led to the utilization of the devices in several industrial applications, such as ceramic sintering and metal joining as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Gyrodevice oscillators and amplifiers (or gyro-oscillators and gyro-amplifiers) are being utilized in a variety of applications where high power levels are required at millimeter-wave frequencies. Gyro-oscillators, developed primarily for magnetic fusion research applications, have achieved power levels near 1 MW for pulse durations in excess of 1 s at frequencies above 100 GHz. Continued work on these devices should enable them to achieve continuous-wave operation at multimegawatt power levels at frequencies in the 100-GHz to 200-GHz range, thereby meeting the requirements of planned magnetic fusion experiments. The development of gyro-oscillators for fusion experiments has led to the utilization of the devices in several industrial applications, such as ceramic sintering and metal joining. Activities in this area involve adapting the oscillators to the industrial environment where reliability, efficiency, and ease of operation are paramount. Gyro-amplifiers are being developed for applications requiring phase coherence and instantaneous bandwidth, such as in linear accelerators and millimeter-wave radar. Impressive results from X-band to W-band already suggest the promise of these devices. Potential new applications and novel gyrodevice design approaches continue to attract the attention of researchers around the world.

239 citations