Cypsela anatomy in the ‘Cotuleae’ (Asteraceae–Anthemideae)
01 Jan 1990-Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society (Blackwell Publishing Ltd)-Vol. 102, Iss: 1, pp 37-59
TL;DR: The data support the conclusion that the ‘Cotuleae’ is an unnatural assemblage: Cotula, Leptinella, Nananthea and Soliva appear to form one close-knit group, and Dimorphocoma, Elachanthus and Isoetopsis another, while the remaining genera are highly diverse.
About: This article is published in Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.The article was published on 1990-01-01. It has received 51 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Leptinella & Plagiocheilus.
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TL;DR: A new subtribal classification of the Compositae-Anthemideae is presented based on phylogenetic reconstructions for sequence information of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) for 103 of the 111 accepted genera of the tribe.
Abstract: Oberprieler, C., Himmelreich, S. & Vogt, R.: A new subtribal classification of the tribe Anthemideae (Compositae). — Willdenowia 37: 89–114. — ISSN 0511-9618; © 2007 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. doi:10.3372/wi.37.37104 (available via http://dx.doi.org/) A new subtribal classification of the Compositae-Anthemideae is presented based on phylogenetic reconstructions for sequence information of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) for 103 of the 111 accepted genera of the tribe. Results of the present analyses are compared with results from phylogenetic analyses based on cpDNA ndhF sequence variation and discussed in conjunction with morphological, anatomical, cytological, embryological and phytochemical evidence. As a result, 14 subtribes are circumscribed and described in detail, with information provided concerning the generic members and the geographical distribution of these entities. Four subtribes (i.e. Osmitopsidinae, Phymasperminae, Pentziinae and Leucanth...
120 citations
Cites background or methods from "Cypsela anatomy in the ‘Cotuleae’ (..."
...1989, Bruhl & Quinn 1990, 1991, Bremer & Humphries 1993, Kim & Jansen 1995), the subtribal classification caused considerable difficulties throughout the taxonomic history of the tribe....
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...As Christensen (1992) has pointed out, the tribe Anthemideae is one of the chemically best investigated tribes of the Compositae....
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...…Källersjö (1985, 1988) used mainly carpological characters for generic circumscriptions in the Athanasia and Pentzia complexes, respectively, while Bruhl & Quinn (1990) added fruit anatomical evidence for the exclusion of several genera of ‘Cotuleae’ from the Anthemideae and the retention of…...
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TL;DR: A 1200-bp portion of chloroplast gene ndhF is sequenced for representative genera and subtribes of Anthemideae and a phylogeny for the tribe is constructed, indicating multiple, relictual lineages.
75 citations
TL;DR: Abrotanella(Compositae) is a genus of Compositae with 20 species, all restricted to mountains of Australasia and southern South America as mentioned in this paper, and their taxa are correlated with tectonic features such as plate margins, transform faults and fracture zones, and processes such as continental rifting, terrane accretion, granite emplacement and orogeny.
Abstract: The species ofAbrotanella(Compositae) form mats and cushions a few centimetres high and up to a metre or more in diameter. The flowers are less complex than those of most Compositae and lack a pappus, the usual means of dispersal in the family. There are 20 species, all restricted to mountains of Australasia and southern South America. The putative affinities ofAbrotanellainvolve several tribes of Compositae and the genus is not considered derived within the family. A comparative analysis of areas of endemism inAbrotanellashows clear patterns of vicariance and disjunction shared with many plants and animals, and long-distance dispersal is rejected as an explanation.Abrotanellaand the three genera related to it are all restricted to lands bordering the Pacific. Areas previously accepted as areas of endemism, such as New Guinea, Tasmania, New Zealand and southern South America, are shown to be polyphyletic complexes, rather than simple areas. Use of such areas in area cladograms leads to the erroneous interpretation of taxa-area relations as incongruent. Distributions of the taxa inAbrotanellaare correlated with tectonic features such as plate margins, transform faults and fracture zones, and processes such as continental rifting, terrane accretion, granite emplacement and orogeny.Abrotanella patearoasp. nov., a high-alpine cushion-plant, is described from mountains of eastern Central Otago: Rock and Pillar Range, Lammerlaw Range, Umbrella Mountains and Garvie Mountains.
57 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of DNA sequences from members of all genera of Asteraceae indigenous to New Zealand and published sequences representing the tribal diversity in the family concluded that Haastia, previously aligned with the Gnaphalieae or the Astereae, is nested in the Senecioneae, and Centipeda, previously included in the Asteretae, emerges near the Heliantheae.
Abstract: Forty-five sequences from members of all genera of Asteraceae indigenous to New Zealand and 50 published sequences representing the tribal diversity in the family were analyzed to assess the utility of ITS sequences to resolve phylogenetic relationships. Previous studies using chloroplast DNA sequences and morphology provided support for several clades in the Asteraceae, yet the relationships among some of these were uncertain. The results from ITS analysis were largely consistent with these earlier studies. The New Zealand species are included in at least six clades, most of these corresponding to recognized tribes. Our results have also clarified the tribal affinities of a few anomalous genera. Haastia, previously aligned with the Gnaphalieae or the Astereae, is nested in the Senecioneae. Centipeda, previously included in the Astereae or Anthemideae, emerges near the Heliantheae. The relationships of Abrotanella remain unresolved.
57 citations
TL;DR: A phylogenetic analysis of 39 accessions that included most species of the small austral genus Abrotanella and putative relatives including Blennosperma, Crocidium and Ischnea suggests that the BlennOSpermatinae are polyphyletic.
Abstract: Relationships of the small austral genus Abrotanella are uncertain. It was previously included in the Anthe mideae or more recently in the Senecioneae. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of 39 accessions that included most species o? Abrotanella and putative relatives including Blennosperma, Crocidium and Ischnea. These four genera have been considered to form subtribe Blennospermatinae. Our results suggest that the Blennospermatinae are polyphyletic; Blennosperma, Crocidium and Ischnea form a well-supported clade nest ed within the Senecioneae, while Abrotanella forms another well-supported clade that is distinct from these genera and its sister is not resolved. Molecular dating o? Abrotanella suggests that the lineage initially diverged during the early Miocene. Secondary species radiations in Australasia and in southern South America that occurred 3 million years ago undoubtedly reflect long-distance dispersal, colonization and speciation. Both the ITS region and the 5' trnK/matK chloroplast DNA intron gave similar divergence estimates. The estimates were also robust to changes in the tree topology and to the different methods used to calculate divergence times.
54 citations
References
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01 Jan 1960
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the development of a seed from embryo to the adult plant, including the growth of the cell wall and the root growth in the secondary growth stages of the seed.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION. Internal Organization of the Plant Body. Summary of Types of Cells and Tissues. General References. DEVELOPMENT OF THE SEED PLANT. The Embryo. From embryo to the Adult Plant. Apical Meristems and Their Derivatives. Differentiation, Specialization, and Morphogenesis. References. THE CELL. Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Plastids. Mitochondria. Microbodies. Vacuoles. Paramural Bodies. Ribosomes. Dictyosomes. Endoplasmic Reticulum. Lipid Globules. Microtubules. Ergastic Substances. References. CELL WALL. Macromolecular Components and Their Organization in the Wall. Cell Wall Layers. Intercellular Spaces. Pits, Primary Pit--Fields, and Plasmodesmata. Origin of Cell Wall During Cell Division. Growth of Cell Wall. References. PARENCHYMA AND COLLENCHYMA. Parenchyma. Collenchyma. References. SCLERENCHYMA. Sclereids. Fibers. Development of Sclereids and Fibers. References. EPIDERMIS. Composition. Developmental Aspects. Cell Wall. Stomata. Trichomes. References. XYLEM: GENERAL STRUCTURE AND CELL TYPES. Gross Structure of Secondary Xylem. Cell Types in the Secondary Xylem. Primary Xylem. Differentiation of Tracheary Elements. References. XYLEM: VARIATION IN WOOD STRUCTURE. Conifer Wood. Dicotyledon Wood. Some Factors in Development of Secondary Xylem. Identification of Wood. References. VASCULAR CAMBIUM. Organization of Cambium. Developmental Changes in the Initial Layer. Patterns and Causal Relations in Cambial Activity. References. PHLOEM. Cell Types. Primary Phloem. Secondary Phloem. References. PERIDERM. Structure of Periderm and Related Tissues. Development of Periderm. Outer Aspect of Bark in Relation to Structure. Lenticels. References. SECRETORY STRUCTURES. External Secretory Structures. Internal Secretory Structures. References. THE ROOT: PRIMARY STATE OF GROWTH. Types of Roots. Primary Structure. Development. References. THE ROOT: SECONDARY STATE OF GROWTH AND ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS. Common Types of Secondary Growth. Variations in Secondary Growths. Physiologic Aspects of Secondary Growth in Roots. Adventitious Roots. References. THE STEM: PRIMARY STATE OF GROWTH. External Morphology. Primary Structure. Development. References. THE STEM: SECONDARY GROWTH AND STRUCTURAL TYPES. Secondary Growth. Types of Stems. References. THE LEAF: BASIC STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT. Morphology. Histology of Angiosperm Leaf. Development. Abscission. References. THE LEAF: VARIATIONS IN STRUCTURE. Leaf Structure and Environment. Dicotyledon Leaves. Monocotyledon Leaves. Gymnosperm Leaves. References. THE FLOWER: STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT. Concept. Structure. Development. References. THE FLOWER: REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE. Microsporogenesis. Pollen. Male Gametophyte. Megasporogenesis. Female Gametophyte. Fertilization. References. THE FRUIT. Concept and Classification. The Fruit Wall. Fruit Types. Fruit Growths. Fruit Abscission. References. THE SEED. Concept and Morphology. Seed Development. Seed Coat. Nutrient Storage Tissues. References. EMBRYO AND SEEDLING. Mature Embryo. Development of Embryo. Classification of Embryos. Seedling. References. Glossary. Index.
2,070 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the development of a seed from embryo to the adult plant, including the growth of the cell wall and the root growth in the secondary growth stages of the seed.
Abstract: INTRODUCTION. Internal Organization of the Plant Body. Summary of Types of Cells and Tissues. General References. DEVELOPMENT OF THE SEED PLANT. The Embryo. From embryo to the Adult Plant. Apical Meristems and Their Derivatives. Differentiation, Specialization, and Morphogenesis. References. THE CELL. Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Plastids. Mitochondria. Microbodies. Vacuoles. Paramural Bodies. Ribosomes. Dictyosomes. Endoplasmic Reticulum. Lipid Globules. Microtubules. Ergastic Substances. References. CELL WALL. Macromolecular Components and Their Organization in the Wall. Cell Wall Layers. Intercellular Spaces. Pits, Primary Pit--Fields, and Plasmodesmata. Origin of Cell Wall During Cell Division. Growth of Cell Wall. References. PARENCHYMA AND COLLENCHYMA. Parenchyma. Collenchyma. References. SCLERENCHYMA. Sclereids. Fibers. Development of Sclereids and Fibers. References. EPIDERMIS. Composition. Developmental Aspects. Cell Wall. Stomata. Trichomes. References. XYLEM: GENERAL STRUCTURE AND CELL TYPES. Gross Structure of Secondary Xylem. Cell Types in the Secondary Xylem. Primary Xylem. Differentiation of Tracheary Elements. References. XYLEM: VARIATION IN WOOD STRUCTURE. Conifer Wood. Dicotyledon Wood. Some Factors in Development of Secondary Xylem. Identification of Wood. References. VASCULAR CAMBIUM. Organization of Cambium. Developmental Changes in the Initial Layer. Patterns and Causal Relations in Cambial Activity. References. PHLOEM. Cell Types. Primary Phloem. Secondary Phloem. References. PERIDERM. Structure of Periderm and Related Tissues. Development of Periderm. Outer Aspect of Bark in Relation to Structure. Lenticels. References. SECRETORY STRUCTURES. External Secretory Structures. Internal Secretory Structures. References. THE ROOT: PRIMARY STATE OF GROWTH. Types of Roots. Primary Structure. Development. References. THE ROOT: SECONDARY STATE OF GROWTH AND ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS. Common Types of Secondary Growth. Variations in Secondary Growths. Physiologic Aspects of Secondary Growth in Roots. Adventitious Roots. References. THE STEM: PRIMARY STATE OF GROWTH. External Morphology. Primary Structure. Development. References. THE STEM: SECONDARY GROWTH AND STRUCTURAL TYPES. Secondary Growth. Types of Stems. References. THE LEAF: BASIC STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT. Morphology. Histology of Angiosperm Leaf. Development. Abscission. References. THE LEAF: VARIATIONS IN STRUCTURE. Leaf Structure and Environment. Dicotyledon Leaves. Monocotyledon Leaves. Gymnosperm Leaves. References. THE FLOWER: STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT. Concept. Structure. Development. References. THE FLOWER: REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE. Microsporogenesis. Pollen. Male Gametophyte. Megasporogenesis. Female Gametophyte. Fertilization. References. THE FRUIT. Concept and Classification. The Fruit Wall. Fruit Types. Fruit Growths. Fruit Abscission. References. THE SEED. Concept and Morphology. Seed Development. Seed Coat. Nutrient Storage Tissues. References. EMBRYO AND SEEDLING. Mature Embryo. Development of Embryo. Classification of Embryos. Seedling. References. Glossary. Index.
592 citations
TL;DR: A cladistic analysis involving 27 tribes and subtribes of Asteraceae and 81 characters is presented, finding little support for the hypothesis that other tribes are derived from or have their sister group within the Heliantheae.
220 citations
TL;DR: An effort to summarize the information available on the origin of the family, and on the evolutionary developments and broad relationships within the group, and suggests that the Heliantheae comes the nearest of all the tribes to matching the necessary characters of the hypothetical progenitor of the group.
Abstract: The Compositae have long attracted attention as a well marked but highly variable group, so distinct as to render their affinities doubtful. A number of efforts to elucidate their phylogeny have been made in the nearcentury since Darwin, without conspicuous success. This paper represents an effort to summarize the information available on the origin of the family, and on the evolutionary developments and broad relationships within the group. On many points the evidence permits a reasoonably firm conclusion; other items remain doubtful, and await further studies not only of the Compositae but of their possible ancestors. The recognition of the Compositae as a distinct group dates back at least several hundred years, and probably even to Theophrastus (see historical summary by Small, 1917). Linnaeus was so impressed with the unity of the group that he departed from the general principles of his sexual system to unite the genera into his class Syngenesia. Although some of the tribes, notably the Cichorieae and Cynareae, were evidently recognized by pre-Linnaean authors, the establishment and delimitation of the tribes was essentially the work of Cassini (1826, 1829, 1834). Some of his tribes are now received as sub-tribes, but the basic outlines of his organization remain. The most monumental contribution to our understanding of the family is that of George Bentham, as shown in the Genera Plantarum and in his separate paper (1873) on the family. After 80 years, his system stands essentially unaltered, and his tentative speculations on phylogeny are in my opinion more nearly correct than those of any of his successors. It may not be generally realized, however, that his treatment of the Compositae and other groups in the Genera Plantarum, while it attempted to be natural, was not phylogenetic in the modern sense of the term. He attempted to put related things together, and to arrive at a concept of relationships by considering the whole ensemble of characters rather than by assigning fixed arbitrary values to individual characters, but he did not necessarily start with the most primitive group and proceed to the most specialized. Thus, although he suggests (1873, p. 482) that the Heliantheae come the nearest of all the tribes to matching the necessary characters of the hypothetical progenitor of the group, the sequence of tribes in the Genera Plantarum starts with the Vernonieae, and places the Heliantheae near the middle, as the fifth tribe. I quote:
161 citations