Darpa Timit Acoustic-Phonetic Continuous Speech Corpus CD-ROM {TIMIT} | NIST
01 Feb 1993-
About: The article was published on 1993-02-01 and is currently open access. It has received 2164 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: TIMIT & Speech corpus.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: This paper presents the first large-scale analysis of eight LSTM variants on three representative tasks: speech recognition, handwriting recognition, and polyphonic music modeling, and observes that the studied hyperparameters are virtually independent and derive guidelines for their efficient adjustment.
Abstract: Several variants of the long short-term memory (LSTM) architecture for recurrent neural networks have been proposed since its inception in 1995. In recent years, these networks have become the state-of-the-art models for a variety of machine learning problems. This has led to a renewed interest in understanding the role and utility of various computational components of typical LSTM variants. In this paper, we present the first large-scale analysis of eight LSTM variants on three representative tasks: speech recognition, handwriting recognition, and polyphonic music modeling. The hyperparameters of all LSTM variants for each task were optimized separately using random search, and their importance was assessed using the powerful functional ANalysis Of VAriance framework. In total, we summarize the results of 5400 experimental runs ( $\approx 15$ years of CPU time), which makes our study the largest of its kind on LSTM networks. Our results show that none of the variants can improve upon the standard LSTM architecture significantly, and demonstrate the forget gate and the output activation function to be its most critical components. We further observe that the studied hyperparameters are virtually independent and derive guidelines for their efficient adjustment.
4,746 citations
Proceedings Article•
01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In this article, a modified, full gradient version of the LSTM learning algorithm was used for framewise phoneme classification, using the TIMIT database, and the results support the view that contextual information is crucial to speech processing, and suggest that bidirectional networks outperform unidirectional ones.
Abstract: In this paper, we present bidirectional Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks, and a modified, full gradient version of the LSTM learning algorithm. We evaluate Bidirectional LSTM (BLSTM) and several other network architectures on the benchmark task of framewise phoneme classification, using the TIMIT database. Our main findings are that bidirectional networks outperform unidirectional ones, and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) is much faster and also more accurate than both standard Recurrent Neural Nets (RNNs) and time-windowed Multilayer Perceptrons (MLPs). Our results support the view that contextual information is crucial to speech processing, and suggest that BLSTM is an effective architecture with which to exploit it'.
3,028 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a modified, full gradient version of the LSTM learning algorithm was used for framewise phoneme classification, using the TIMIT database, and the results support the view that contextual information is crucial to speech processing, and suggest that bidirectional networks outperform unidirectional ones.
2,200 citations
Book•
09 Feb 2012
TL;DR: A new type of output layer that allows recurrent networks to be trained directly for sequence labelling tasks where the alignment between the inputs and the labels is unknown, and an extension of the long short-term memory network architecture to multidimensional data, such as images and video sequences.
Abstract: Recurrent neural networks are powerful sequence learners. They are able to incorporate context information in a flexible way, and are robust to localised distortions of the input data. These properties make them well suited to sequence labelling, where input sequences are transcribed with streams of labels. The aim of this thesis is to advance the state-of-the-art in supervised sequence labelling with recurrent networks. Its two main contributions are (1) a new type of output layer that allows recurrent networks to be trained directly for sequence labelling tasks where the alignment between the inputs and the labels is unknown, and (2) an extension of the long short-term memory network architecture to multidimensional data, such as images and video sequences.
2,101 citations
Proceedings Article•
07 Dec 2015TL;DR: The authors proposed a location-aware attention mechanism for the TIMET phoneme recognition task, which achieved an improved 18.7% phoneme error rate (PER) on utterances which are roughly as long as the ones it was trained on.
Abstract: Recurrent sequence generators conditioned on input data through an attention mechanism have recently shown very good performance on a range of tasks including machine translation, handwriting synthesis [1,2] and image caption generation [3]. We extend the attention-mechanism with features needed for speech recognition. We show that while an adaptation of the model used for machine translation in [2] reaches a competitive 18.7% phoneme error rate (PER) on the TIMET phoneme recognition task, it can only be applied to utterances which are roughly as long as the ones it was trained on. We offer a qualitative explanation of this failure and propose a novel and generic method of adding location-awareness to the attention mechanism to alleviate this issue. The new method yields a model that is robust to long inputs and achieves 18% PER in single utterances and 20% in 10-times longer (repeated) utterances. Finally, we propose a change to the attention mechanism that prevents it from concentrating too much on single frames, which further reduces PER to 17.6% level.
1,574 citations