Das Carotinoidmuster und die Verbreitung des lichtinduzierten Xanthophyllcyclus in verschiedenen Algenklassen
TL;DR: The pigments have been identified and quantitatively determined by methods discussed in Hager and Stransky (1970) and based on the occurring pigments, the xanthophyll cycle of Isochrysis is identical with that of the Xanthophycee, Euglenophyceae and Diatomeae.
Abstract: Die Pigmente wurden nach den bei Hager u. Stransky (1970) besprochenen Methoden identifiziert und ihre Mengen bestimmt.
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TL;DR: Electron microscopic investigations, together with analytical data on cell wall composition and ribosomal structure, have revealed the common denominators, which are fundamental: bacteria and blue-green algae are the only organisms with cells of the procaryotic type.
2,815 citations
TL;DR: Chlorophyllide c (chlorophyll c) wax found in axenic or unialgal cultures of 5 members of the class Xanthophyceae and in 2 members ofThe class Raphidophyceai (ChloromonadophyceAE).
Abstract: SUMMARY
Chlorophyllide c (chlorophyll c) wax found in axenic or unialgal cultures of 5 members of the class Xanthophyceae and in 2 members of the class Raphidophyceae (Chloromonadophyceae).
Two other algae contained no chl c; neither had chl b. One of these plants, Pleurochloris magna, is presumably a member of the newly named class Eustigmatophyceae (Hibberd and Leedale). The other alga, clone GSB Sticho, is of uncertain, systematic position.
Although, the xanthophyll pigments were not critically studied, there is enough evidence, to permit the conclusion that the xanthophyll suites of the chloromonads, the xanthophytes, P. magna, and clone GSB Sticho all differ in at least one respect.
1,218 citations
TL;DR: The data demonstrate that Cd perturbs the DNA methylation status through the involvement of a specific methyltransferase, linked to nuclear chromatin reconfiguration likely to establish a new balance of expressed/repressed chromatin.
Abstract: In mammals, cadmium is widely considered as a non-genotoxic carcinogen acting through a methylation-dependent epigenetic mechanism. Here, the effects of Cd treatment on the DNA methylation patten are examined together with its effect on chromatin reconfiguration in Posidonia oceanica. DNA methylation level and pattern were analysed in actively growing organs, under short- (6 h) and long- (2 d or 4 d) term and low (10 mM) and high (50 mM) doses of Cd, through a Methylation-Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism technique and an immunocytological approach, respectively. The expression of one member of the CHROMOMETHYLASE (CMT) family, a DNA methyltransferase, was also assessed by qRT-PCR. Nuclear chromatin ultrastructure was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Cd treatment induced a DNA hypermethylation, as well as an up-regulation of CMT, indicating that de novo methylation did indeed occur. Moreover, a high dose of Cd led to a progressive heterochromatinization of interphase nuclei and apoptotic figures were also observed after long-term treatment. The data demonstrate that Cd perturbs the DNA methylation status through the involvement of a specific methyltransferase. Such changes are linked to nuclear chromatin reconfiguration likely to establish a new balance of expressed/repressed chromatin. Overall, the data show an epigenetic basis to the mechanism underlying Cd toxicity in plants.
450 citations
TL;DR: The biochemistry of the xanthophyll cycle enzymes is addressed with a special focus on protein structure, co-substrate requirements and regulation of enzyme activity, and the interaction between the diadinoxanthin cycle and alternative electron flow pathways in the chloroplasts of diatoms is an additional topic of this review.
Abstract: The xanthophyll cycle represents one of the important photoprotection mechanisms in plant cells. In the present review, we summarize current knowledge about the violaxanthin cycle of vascular plants, green and brown algae, and the diadinoxanthin cycle of the algal classes Bacillariophyceae, Xanthophyceae, Haptophyceae, and Dinophyceae. We address the biochemistry of the xanthophyll cycle enzymes with a special focus on protein structure, co-substrate requirements and regulation of enzyme activity. We present recent ideas regarding the structural basis of xanthophyll cycle-dependent photoprotection, including different models for the mechanism of non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence. In a dedicated chapter, we also describe the unique violaxanthin antheraxanthin cycle of the Prasinophyceae, together with its implication for the mechanism of xanthophyll cycle-dependent heat dissipation. The interaction between the diadinoxanthin cycle and alternative electron flow pathways in the chloroplasts of diatoms is an additional topic of this review, and in the last chapter we cover aspects of the importance of xanthophyll cycle-dependent photoprotection for different algal species in their natural environments.
364 citations
Cites background from "Das Carotinoidmuster und die Verbre..."
...The violaxanthin (Vx) cycle is found in vascular plants and the green (Chlorophyta) and brown (Phaeophyceae) algae (Yamamoto et al. 1962; Hager 1967a; Stransky and Hager 1970)....
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...A second major xanthophyll cycle, which only comprises one de-epoxidation step, is the Ddx cycle of the algal classes Bacillariophyceae, Xanthophyceae, Haptophyceae, and Dinophyceae (Stransky and Hager 1970; Hager 1980; Demers et al. 1991)....
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...Based on these data, it has been suggested that chromists acquired the prasinophyte genes before the ancient split of the Bacillariophyceae, Haptophyceae, Cryptophyceae and possibly the Dinophyceae occurred....
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...In the present review, we summarize current knowledge about the violaxanthin cycle of vascular plants, green and brown algae, and the diadinoxanthin cycle of the algal classes Bacillariophyceae, Xanthophyceae, Haptophyceae, and Dinophyceae....
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TL;DR: The present day knowledge about NPQ in higher plants and different algal groups is summarized with a special focus on the molecular mechanisms that lead to the structural rearrangements of the antenna complexes and enhanced heat dissipation.
337 citations
Cites background from "Das Carotinoidmuster und die Verbre..."
...…can be sed in future measurements to answer these important questions Thamatrakoln et al., 2013). he Dd–Dt cycle The conversion of the xanthophyll Dd to Dt during illumination nd the reverse reaction in darkness was already described in 1970 Hager and Stransky, 1970; Stransky and Hager, 1970)....
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TL;DR: Bacteria-free clones of the small centric diatom Cyclotella nana Hustedt were isolated, three from estuarine localities, one from Continental Shelf waters, and one from the Sargasso Sea as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Bacteria-free clones of the small centric diatom Cyclotella nana Hustedt were isolated, three from estuarine localities, one from Continental Shelf waters, and one from the Sargasso Sea. Detonula confervacea was isolated from Narragansett Bay. Morphology of all clones was studied with the light and electron microscopes. Morphological differences between clones of C. nana do not at present warrant separating any as distinct species.Clones of C. nana require only vitamin B12; D. confervacea has no vitamin requirement.Growth of the estuarine clones of C. nana was unaffected by salinity down to 0.5‰ and increased with temperature to 25 °C. The Shelf clone grew more rapidly at salinities above 8‰ and at temperatures between 10° and 20 °C. The Sargasso Sea clone did not survive below 15 °C or 17.5‰, while D. confervacea did not survive at temperatures above 15° or at salinities below 8‰. The physiological differences between clones correspond roughly to the conditions obtaining in nature where each was collected.
7,027 citations
1,823 citations
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01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: This book will help you to understand the chemistry and biochemistry of plant pigments book much better and the system of this book of course will be much easier.
Abstract: Reading is a hobby to open the knowledge windows. Besides, it can provide the inspiration and spirit to face this life. By this way, concomitant with the technology development, many companies serve the e-book or book in soft file. The system of this book of course will be much easier. No worry to forget bringing the chemistry and biochemistry of plant pigments book. You can open the device and get the book by on-line.
1,754 citations
1,082 citations
TL;DR: A development of culture media and methods which has led to description of the salient growth characteristics of three blue-green algae: Anabaena variabilis, Anacystis nidulans, and Nostoc muscorum G are presented.
Abstract: LITTLE ATTENTION has been given to the more general features of the physiology of the blue-green algae. Specific attention has been given to nitrogen fixation (e.g., Allison et al., 1937; Burris and Wilson, 1946; Fogg, 1947) and limited aspects of photosynthesis (e.g., Emerson and Lewis, 1942; Frenkel et al., 1950; Duysens, 1952; Brown and Webster, 1953). Nutritional requirements have been investigated, notably by Fogg (1949), Gerloff et al. (1950, 1952) and Allen (1952). However, no study has been carried to the point of developing a blue-green alga as a reliable tool organism for physiological studies. There have been two obstacles to such development. One may be attributed to the difficulties of isolation and the lack of species in pure culture which suspend readily and submit to simplicity of manipulation possible with green algae such as Chlorella and Scenedesmus. A second difficulty arises from inadequate provision of carbon dioxide inherent in most of the culture methods used. Nutritional requirements have been defined in terms of the maximum growth yield obtained in cultures in cotton-stoppered flasks. Methods have not been developed for routine study of growth rate, a characteristic far more useful and interpretable for physiological work. The' present paper presents a development of culture media and methods which has led to description of the salient growth characteristics of three blue-green algae: Anabaena variabilis, Anacystis nidulans, and Nostoc muscorum G. Fragmentary data on three other blue-green algae are included. MATERIALS AND METHODS.-Because of the uncertainties of taxonomy of the simpler algae the species used will be described in terms of their history. 1. Anabaena variabilis (Kiitzing). Filamentous, but filaments very short in turbulent culture; isolated by and obtained from R. C. Hecker as Cylindrospermum sp. (1950); revised identification by E. G. Pringsheim. 2. Anacystis nidulans. Twoto four-cell filaments, but unicellular in turbulent culture; established as a unicellular culture by one of us (WK) and purified by M. B. Allen, tentative identification by F. Drouet; original description not found. 3. Nostoc muscorum G (Kiitzing). Filamentous, but filaments short in turbulent culture; obtained from G. C. Gerloff. 4. Nostoc muscorum A (Kiitzing). Filamentous, forming clumps even in turbulent culture; isolated by and obtained from F. E. Allison. 5. Anabaena cylindrica (Lemmerman) . Fila-
1,079 citations