Daytime noise and subsequent night sleep in man.
01 Jan 1984-European Journal of Applied Physiology (Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol)-Vol. 53, Iss: 2, pp 159-163
TL;DR: The findings support the assumption that strong daytime noise may interfere with subsequent sleep processes and that the autonomic parameters were not clearly affected by the noise exposure.
Abstract: The effects of daytime noise on recovery processes during subsequent undisturbed night sleep were studied in six healthy men (21–27 years), exposed to 80 dB (A) pink noise 8 h per day for 2 days. Sleep EEG, ECG, and respiration were recorded in the laboratory for five consecutive nights: two baseline nights, two nights following noise stimulation, and again one baseline night. Additionally questionnaire data were collected, reflecting a subjective impairment of the recovery function of sleep after noise exposure. EEG sleep data of the first post-noise night showed an increase in slow wave sleep with a simultaneous decrease in stage 2 sleep. During the second post-noise night these changes were less prominent. Three subjects additionally showed an instability in the sleep course coinciding with elevated heart and respiration rates. However, altogether the autonomic parameters were not clearly affected by the noise exposure. The findings support the assumption that strong daytime noise may interfere with subsequent sleep processes.
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TL;DR: In white-collar male daytime workers, psychological job stress factors such as interpersonal conflicts with fellow employees, job satisfaction, and social support were independently associated with a modestly increased risk of insomnia that included three different subtypes that were considered to be defining for the disorder.
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Abstract: Aromatherapy is an anecdotal method for modifying sleep and mood. However, whether olfactory exposure to essential oils affects night‐time objective sleep remains untested. Previous studies also de...
122 citations
Cites background from "Daytime noise and subsequent night ..."
...SWS increases following auditory (Cantero et al., 2002; Fruhstorfer et al., 1984, 1988) and visual stimulus exposure (Horne and Walmsley, 1976)....
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...Indeed, all of the following stimuli also increase SWS: auditory cues (Cantero et al., 2002; Fruhstorfer et al., 1984, 1988); visual cues (Horne and Walmsley 1976); exercise (e.g., Bunnell et al., 1983; Horne and Moore, 1985; Horne and Staff, 1983; Youngstedt et al., 1997), and body warming…...
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TL;DR: Overall, the results suggest that there are non-auditory health effects of noise, however, these require confirmation in prospective, longitudinal studies with interventions reducing noise levels.
Abstract: This paper reviews epidemiological studies, human experimental studies, and animal research on the non-auditory effects of noise on health. The following topics are covered: vegetative responses (e.g., blood pressure, digestion), biochemical effects, excretion of catecholamines, sleep, physical illness, subjective annoyance, and mental health. Combined effects of noise and other occupational health hazards on physiological functioning and health are also reviewed. Overall, the results suggest that there are non-auditory health effects. However, these require confirmation in prospective, longitudinal studies with interventions reducing noise levels.
90 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that healthy male white-collar workers' job stress disrupts nightly sleep, and also that their insufficient sleep at night causes daytime sympathetic predominance.
Abstract: To investigate the relationships among the amount of job stressors, self-reported sleep quality, and daytime autonomic activities, a questionnaire survey was conducted for 223 healthy male white-collar workers, and their short-term heart rate variability (HRV) was also examined. Half of the subjects complained of nightly poor sleep quality. Self-reported poor sleep quality was associated with a qualitative aspect of job stressors characterized by high amounts of “job difficulty”, less amounts of “achievement in job”, and less amounts of “support by colleagues”, and also with high amounts of personal distress and difficulty in changing their mood. Those who complained of poor sleep quality exhibited sympathetic predominance and reduced heartbeat intervals at standing rest, although job stressors was not correlated to HRV. These results suggest that their job stress disrupts nightly sleep, and also that their insufficient sleep at night causes daytime sympathetic predominance. However, the amount of job stressors was not directly associated with HRV. Further studies should focus on the relationships among chronic job stress, the satisfaction of sleep demands, and the daily and long-term variation in cardiac autonomic activities.
76 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that the deleterious effect of noise on sleep depended on the type of noise (getting-up time and spectral composition) and that SWS was the least disturbed sleep stage when compared with stage 2 and REM sleep.
Abstract: During sleep, in thermoneutral conditions, the noise of a passing vehicle induces a biphasic cardiac response, a transient peripheral vasoconstriction and sleep disturbances. The present study was performed to determine whether or not the physiological responses were modified in a hot environment or after daytime exposure to both heat and noise. Eight young men were exposed to a nocturnal thermoneutral (20 degrees C) or hot (35 degrees C) environment disturbed by traffic noise. During the night, the peak intensities were of 71 dB(A) for trucks, 67 dB(A) for motorbikes and 64 dB(A) for cars. The background noise level (pink noise) was set at 30 dB(A). The noises were randomly distributed at a rate of 9.h-1. Nights were equally preceded by daytime exposure to combined heat and noise or to no disturbance. During the day, the noises as well as the background noise levels were increased by 15 dB(A) and the rate was 48.h-1. Electroencephalogram (EEG) measures of sleep, electrocardiograms and finger pulse amplitudes were continuously recorded. Regardless of the day condition, when compared with undisturbed nights, the nocturnal increase in the level of heart rate induced by heat exposure disappeared when noise was added. Percentages, delays, magnitudes and costs of cardiac and vascular responses as well as EEG events such as transient activation phases (TAP) due to noise were not affected by nocturnal thermal load or by the preceding daytime exposure to disturbances.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
25 citations
References
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01 Jan 1964TL;DR: The purpose here is to describe a few of these methods which have been used by experimentalists in biological and physical research and whether these results indicate a superiority of sample A over sample B?
Abstract: The last twenty years have seen a great increase in the use of statistical methods in various branches of science and technology. One of the obstacles to the more widespread use of these methods is the complex and laborious nature of the computations which are often required in order to make use of the customary textbook methods. It is not always realized that rapid approximate methods are available for many situations.4 Such approximate methods, however, sacrifice some of the information contained in the data. The purpose here is to describe a few of these methods which have been used by experimentalists in biological and physical research. Signi$canceof Differences. Many experiments are designed to test whether one category differs from another in regard to some measurable quantity. These categories may be, for example: the tensile strength of two types of metal or plastic; the effect of a proposed drug or treatment compared with one now in use; or the comparison of the effect of two fertilizer mixtures on the yield of a certain crop. In all such cases the logic underlying the experiment is usually the same. The assumption is made that the two categories (materials, drugs, or fertilizers) do not differ. An experiment is performed leading to a set of replicated measurements under each category. A statistical constant is calculated from the results, and the probability of obtaining a value as large or larger than that obtained is used as a guide in accepting or rejecting the original assumption. If this probability is sufkiently small, the hypothesis that the two materials are the same is abandoned and a decision is reached that they are different. The particular probability level a t which the hypothesis is abandoned is, of course, a matter of choice, and is determined in part by the seriousness of the consequences should a wrong decision be made, the time and expense involved in the experiments, etc. Efficient statistical tests are described in current textbooks, but these tests often require considerable computation. The tests to be described here are quite simple but often adequate for the purpose in view. Tests Based on Rank Vumbers. An example from entomological work will serve to illustrate these methods. Two household fly sprays had been tested on houseflies, and the tests were replicated eight times for each material. The results obtained, expressed as per cent mortality of the houseflies, are shown in TABLE 1. The average per cent mortality for sample A is 67.7 per cent, while for sample B it is 61.7 per cent. The question to be decided is whether these results indicate a superiority of sample A over sample B? or whether the results are merely due to chance fluctuations and would not hold true in the long run. We may assign rank numbers 1 to 16 to the 16 results in order of magni-
1,021 citations
"Daytime noise and subsequent night ..." refers methods in this paper
...For further analysis of the data, mean values of the different parameters were calculated and significance was tested by comparing paired replicates (Wilcoxon and Wilcox 1964)....
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TL;DR: The present findings support the hypothesis that the EEG power density in the low frequency range is an indicator of a progressively declining process during sleep whose initial value is determined by the duration of prior waking.
992 citations
TL;DR: The runners showed less rapid eye-movement activity during sleep than the nonrunners under both experimental conditions, indicating a strong and unexpected effect of physical fitness on this measure.
Abstract: We tested the hypothesis that EEG sleep stages 3 and 4 (slow-wave sleep, SWS) would be increased as a function of either acute of chronic exercise. Ten distance runners were matched with 10 nonrunners, and their sleep was recorded under both habitual (runners running and nonrunners not running, 3 night) and abruptly changed (runners not running and nonrunners running, 1 night) conditions. Analyses of both visually scored SWS and computer measures of delta activity during non-rapid eye-movement (NREM) sleep failed to support the SWS-exercise hypothesis. The runners showed a significantly higher proportion and a greater absolute amount of NREM sleep than the nonrunners. The runners showed less rapid eye-movement activity during sleep than the nonrunners under both experimental conditions, indicating a strong and unexpected effect of physical fitness on this measure. Modest afternoon exercise in nonrunners was associated with a strong trend toward elevated heart rate during sleep. Mood tests and personality profiles revealed few differences, either between groups or within groups, as a function of exercise.
222 citations