Decision Support System for Crop Planning during Droughts
01 Mar 1992-Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering-asce (American Society of Civil Engineers)-Vol. 118, Iss: 2, pp 229-241
TL;DR: In this article, a linear programming model was used to generate optimal cropping patterns from past drought experiences as also from synthetic drought occurrences in a tropical region such as India, where one third of the cropped area is affected by frequent droughts.
Abstract: Demand for water is increasing continually, whereas available supplies are more or less constant. Under these circumstances there is an urgent need to introduce efficient techniques in water resources management for optimal utilization of available water. Water management under drought conditions assumes great importance in a tropical region such as India, where one‐third of the cropped area is affected by frequent droughts. This paper deals with the development and application of an expert system for drought management. A linear programming model was used to generate optimal cropping patterns from past drought experiences as also from synthetic drought occurrences. These policies together with the knowledge of the experts were incorporated in an expert system. Using this, one can identify the degree of drought in the current situation and its similarity to the identified drought events and be able to get the corresponding management strategy.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the physically based one-dimensional agro-hydrological model SWAP (Soil, Water, Atmosphere and Plant) for water movement and crop growth was applied to reveal all the components of the water balance at multiple sites.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented three optimization techniques for on-farm irrigation scheduling in irrigation project planning: namely the genetic algorithm, simulated annealing and iterative improvement methods, which are applied to planning a 394.6 ha irrigation project in the town of Delta, Utah, for optimizing economic profits, simulating water demand, and estimating the crop area percentages with specific water supply and planted area constraints.
Abstract: This study presents three optimization techniques for on-farm irrigation scheduling in irrigation project planning: namely the genetic algorithm, simulated annealing and iterative improvement methods. The three techniques are applied to planning a 394.6 ha irrigation project in the town of Delta, Utah, for optimizing economic profits, simulating water demand, and estimating the crop area percentages with specific water supply and planted area constraints. The comparative optimization results for the 394.6 ha irrigated project from the genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, and iterative improvement methods are as follows: (1) the seasonal maximum net benefits are $113,826, $111,494, and $105,444 per season, respectively; and (2) the seasonal water demands are 3.03*10 3 m 3 , 3.0*10 3 m 3 , and 2.92*10 3 m 3 per season, respectively. This study also determined the most suitable four parameters of the genetic algorithm method for the Delta irrigated project to be: (1) the number of generations equals 800, (2) population size equals 50, (3) probability of crossover equals 0.6, and (4) probability of mutation equals 0.02. Meanwhile, the most suitable three parameters of simulated annealing method for the Delta irrigated project are: (1) initial temperature equals 1,000, (2) number of moves equal 90, and (3) cooling rate equals 0.95.
20 citations
Cites background from "Decision Support System for Crop Pl..."
...Traditional optimization models have received extensive attention in irrigation planning (Lakshminarayana and Rajagopalan, 1977; Maji and Heady, 1978; Matanga and Marino, 1979; Jesus et al., 1987; Paudyal and Gupta, 1990; Raman et al., 1992)....
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...Furthermore, Raman et al. (1992) presented a linear programming model to generate optimal cropping patterns based on data tracking previous droughts....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a minimum principle is deduced to characterize an optimal strategy minimizing a performance index that evaluates water content deviation in the command area and the time when the irrigation tank dries up.
19 citations
TL;DR: The formulation of a model for optimized crop and water planning decisions in an irrigation system in Thailand facilitates interactive consultation in which representatives of stakeholders, officials, farmers, and researchers can contribute to the decision making.
Abstract: This paper describes the formulation of a model for optimized crop and water planning decisions in an irrigation system in Thailand. It facilitates interactive consultation in which representatives of stakeholders, officials, farmers, and researchers can contribute to the decision making. Linear programming and the analytical hierarchy process are the principal modeling tools to optimize the collective system objectives: productivity, equity, and security. The results of the model are compared with observed events of one dry season. The optimized policy generated by the model suggested a diversified cropping pattern, which would decrease the water requirement by 16.4% and enhance net benefit per cubic meter of water used by 39.9%. The erratic water availability from the reservoir and the operational procedures inside the system are reviewed, analyzing historical data in terms of reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability. These include lack of proper assessment of available water, effective farmer organization, and prompt data processing and communication. Furthermore, for the effective implementation of an optimized irrigation policy, a water release pattern of the storage reservoir has been suggested.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed and five different management strategies are tested to determine whether significant improvements might be realized from optimization of operation of the reservoir system.
Abstract: One of the methods for increasing productivity of water consumed in agriculture is by improved water supply management. This paper presents results from an optimization study of the Malampuzha irrigation project of the Bharathapuzha river basin of Kerala in India. The objective of this study is to determine whether significant improvements might be realized from optimization of operation of the reservoir system. To do this a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed and five different management strategies are tested. The result indicates that a management strategy with deficit irrigation by supplying less water in non-critical growth period and maximum water during stress sensitive periods is a best viable solution for better performance. A MILP model, rather than a linear programming (LP) model, is used to ensure that the reservoir does not spill before reaching its capacity.
12 citations
References
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TL;DR: A decision support system used to aid in drought decisions is described, which incorporates operator experience and intuition using a rule base developed through interviews with management personnel from the Seattle Water Department.
Abstract: Seattle, Washington, suffered its most extreme drought on record during the summer and fall of 1987. Severe and continuing water use restrictions were required to limit the drought's impact on municipal water supplies, fish populations, and navigation. This paper describes a decision support system used to aid in drought decisions. Its components include an expert system, a linear programming model, database management tools, and computer graphics. The expert system incorporates operator experience and intuition using a rule base developed through interviews with management personnel from the Seattle Water Department. The expert system also integrates the other programming techniques into a single system. A linear programming model determines system yield and optimal operating policies for past hydrologic regimes. Database management and graphics software store and allow the display of over two thousand operating policies to decision‐makers. The system provides user‐friendly support to help decision‐maker...
53 citations
TL;DR: The presentation is illustrated with an example of an engineering expert system for reservoir analysis that is currently in development, and the potential benefits of this technology in the area of reservoir management and operations are presented.
Abstract: Reservoir management and operations are very complex activities in the field of water resources engineering. During the last two decades, a number of systems analysis techniques, particularly optimization and simulation, have been adopted for reservoir planning, design, and operations. Recently, the area of knowledge-based engineering (expert systems) has emerged as a potential technique for incorporationg human expertise and some degree of intelligent judgment into decision-supporting software. This paper presents the potential benefits of this technology in the area of reservoir management and operations. The presentation is illustrated with an example of an engineering expert system for reservoir analysis that is currently in development.
50 citations
TL;DR: An interactive user‐support framework has been developed to automate the calibration of the runoff block and acts as a front end to assist the user in the initial estimation of the parameter values and in building the SWMM input files.
Abstract: EPA'S Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) simulates all aspects of the hydrologic and quality cycles. Using expert system technology, an interactive user‐support framework has been developed to automate the calibration of the runoff block. It acts as a front end to assist the user in the initial estimation of the parameter values and in building the SWMM input files. It interprets the simulation results and suggests some useful adjustments in the value of significant parameters thus reducing the user's time and effort. For the interpretation of simulation results, production rules are employed to help the user decide what parameters need to be adjusted. Some heuristics have been developed to evaluate the new parameter values. The combination of simulation techniques and expert system methodologies facilitates the use of sophisticated models such as SWMM.
49 citations
TL;DR: A methodology in which an expert system shell (INSIGHT 2+) is used to evaluate and display information on drought management planning and a linear programming model is usedto generate optimal operating policies as a function of numerous past drought experiences is presented.
Abstract: Expert systems have been proposed for a wide range of civil engineering applications. They have been applied most successfully in situations governed by simple rules. Many civil engineering decisions, however, must be made in environments in which simple rules are not possible, but rather large amounts of data must be analyzed and evaluated. This paper presents a methodology in which an expert system shell (INSIGHT 2+) is used to evaluate and display information on drought management planning. A linear programming model is used to generate optimal operating policies as a function of numerous past drought experiences. These policies are incorporated into an expert system where the user is required to identify the degree to which the current drought situation is similar to past events. The expert system then aids the user in developing appropriate management policies based on time of year, descriptions of drought intensity, and other system characteristics.
29 citations
01 Mar 1987
TL;DR: In this paper, the basic features of expert systems are outlined and illustrated, and the potential of such an approach as an aid to decision-making in the field of river basin management is explored.
Abstract: The basic features of expert systems are outlined and illustrated, and the potential of such an approach as an aid to decision-making in the field of river basin management is explored. Work undertaken towards the development of an expert system for the operational control of a wastewater treatment plant is described. Further areas of potential application are discussed, including data utilization.
6 citations