Decomposition, lookup, and recombination: MEG evidence for the full decomposition model of complex visual word recognition.

doi:10.1016/J.BANDL.2015.03.001

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Decomposition, lookup, and recombination: MEG evidence for the full decomposition model of complex visual word recognition.

Journal Article•DOI•

Decomposition, lookup, and recombination: MEG evidence for the full decomposition model of complex visual word recognition.

Joseph Fruchter¹, Alec Marantz²•Institutions (2)

New York University¹, New York University Abu Dhabi²

01 Apr 2015-Brain and Language (Brain Lang)-Vol. 143, pp 81-96

TL;DR: This work uses MEG to provide evidence for the temporally-differentiated stages of the Full Decomposition model, and demonstrates an early effect of derivational family entropy, corresponding to the stem lookup stage, and a late effect of a novel statistical measure, semantic coherence, which quantifies the gradient semantic well-formedness of complex words.

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About: This article is published in Brain and Language.The article was published on 2015-04-01. It has received 68 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Morpheme.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Grounding the neurobiology of language in first principles: The necessity of non-language-centric explanations for language comprehension.

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Uri Hasson¹, Uri Hasson², Giovanna Egidi², Marco Marelli³, Roel M. Willems⁴ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (4)

University of Chicago¹, University of Trento², University of Milano-Bicocca³, Max Planck Society⁴

24 Jul 2018-Cognition

TL;DR: It is argued that adopting this framework means that neurobiological studies of language will be less focused on identifying correlations between brain activity patterns and mechanisms postulated by psycholinguistic theories, and increasingly more inclined towards integration of language with other cognitive systems.

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100 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Morphological processing in the brain: The good (inflection), the bad (derivation) and the ugly (compounding).

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Alina Leminen¹, Eva Smolka², Jon Andoni Duñabeitia, Christos Pliatsikas³•Institutions (3)

University of Helsinki¹, University of Konstanz², University of Reading³

01 Jul 2019-Cortex

TL;DR: A comprehensive overview on the state-of-the-art of the research on the neural mechanisms of morphological processing covering a wide range of electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG and MEG) as well as structural/functional magnetic resonance imaging (s/fMRI) studies that focus on morphologicalprocessing.

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59 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

A formalist perspective on language acquisition

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Charles Yang

26 Nov 2018-Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism

TL;DR: This work reviews several mathematical models that have guided the study of child language acquisition and suggests that these models are applicable to second language acquisition (L2), yielding potentially important insights on the continuities and differences between child and adult language.

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Abstract: Language acquisition is a computational process by which linguistic experience is integrated into the learner’s initial stage of knowledge. To understand language acquisition thus requires precise statements about these components and their interplay, stepping beyond the philosophical and methodological disputes such as the generative vs. usage-based approaches. I review several mathematical models that have guided the study of child language acquisition: How learners integrate experience with their prior knowledge of linguistic structures, How researchers assess the progress of language acquisition with rigor and clarity, and How children form the rules of language even in the face of exceptions. I also suggest that these models are applicable to second language acquisition (L2), yielding potentially important insights on the continuities and differences between child and adult language.

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45 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Production of Estonian case-inflected nouns shows whole-word frequency and paradigmatic effects

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Kaidi Lõo¹, Juhani Järvikivi¹, Fabian Tomaschek², Benjamin V. Tucker¹, R. Harald Baayen² - Show less +1 more•Institutions (2)

University of Alberta¹, University of Tübingen²

15 Jan 2018-Morphology

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate how whole-word frequency, inflectional paradigm size and morphological family size affect production latencies and articulation durations when subjects are asked to read aloud isolated Estonian case-inflected nouns.

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Abstract: Most psycholinguistic models of lexical processing assume that the comprehension and production of inflected forms is mediated by morphemic constituents. Several more recent studies, however, have challenged this assumption by providing empirical evidence that information about individual inflected forms and their paradigmatic relations is available in long-term memory (Baayen et al. 1997; Milin et al. 2009a, 2009b). Here, we investigate how whole-word frequency, inflectional paradigm size and morphological family size affect production latencies and articulation durations when subjects are asked to read aloud isolated Estonian case-inflected nouns. In Experiment 1, we observed that words with a larger morphological family elicited shorter speech onset latencies, and that forms with higher whole-word frequency had shorter acoustic durations. Experiment 2, for which we increased statistical power by using 2,800 words, revealed that higher whole-word frequency, inflectional paradigm size, and morphological family size reduced both speech onset times and acoustic durations. These results extend our knowledge of morphological processing in three ways. First, whole-word frequency effects of inflected forms in morphologically rich languages are not restricted to a small number of very high-frequency forms, contrary to previous claims (Niemi et al. 1994; Hankamer 1989; Yang 2016). Second, we replicated the morphological family size effect in a new domain, the acoustic durations of inflected forms. Third, we showed that a novel paradigmatic measure, inflectional paradigm size, predicts word naming latencies and acoustic durations. These results fit well with Word-and-Paradigm morphology (Blevins 2016) and argue against strictly (de)compositional models of lexical processing.

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44 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Whole-word frequency and inflectional paradigm size facilitate Estonian case-inflected noun processing.

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Kaidi Lõo¹, Juhani Järvikivi¹, R. Harald Baayen¹•Institutions (1)

University of Alberta¹

15 Feb 2018-Cognition

TL;DR: A lexical decision experiment shows that response latencies decrease both with frequency of the inflected form and its inflectional paradigm size, indicating it is a semantic effect, similar to the morphological family size effect.

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39 citations

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Journal Article•DOI•

Mixed-effects modeling with crossed random effects for subjects and items

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R.H. Baayen¹, Douglas J. Davidson², Douglas M. Bates³•Institutions (3)

University of Alberta¹, Max Planck Society², University of Wisconsin-Madison³

01 Nov 2008-Journal of Memory and Language

TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an introduction to mixed-effects models for the analysis of repeated measurement data with subjects and items as crossed random effects, and a worked-out example of how to use recent software for mixed effects modeling is provided.

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6,853 citations

"Decomposition, lookup, and recombin..." refers background or methods in this paper

...…to analyze the effects of the linguistic variables of interest on the neural response to the visually presented words, linear mixed effects models (Baayen et al., 2008) were employed millisecond-by-millisecond (i.e., independently at each time point) within a given time window, with the average…...
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...linguistic variables of interest on the neural response to the visually presented words, linear mixed effects models (Baayen et al., 2008) were employed millisecond-by-millisecond (i....
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...…linear mixed effects models; due to the large number of observations, the t-distribution effectively converges to the standard normal distribution (Baayen et al., 2008: Note 1). was found to be inversely correlated with surface frequency (t = -7.06, p = 0.0001), stem frequency (t = %7.25, p =…...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Nonparametric statistical testing of EEG- and MEG-data

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Eric Maris¹, Robert Oostenveld¹•Institutions (1)

Radboud University Nijmegen¹

15 Aug 2007-Journal of Neuroscience Methods

TL;DR: This paper forms a null hypothesis and shows that the nonparametric test controls the false alarm rate under this null hypothesis, enabling neuroscientists to construct their own statistical test, maximizing the sensitivity to the expected effect.

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6,502 citations

"Decomposition, lookup, and recombin..." refers methods in this paper

...The technique that we used for multiple comparisons correction is based on the method of Maris and Oostenveld (2007), as adapted by Solomyak and Marantz (2009)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

An introduction to latent semantic analysis

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Thomas K. Landauer¹, Peter W. Foltz², Darrell Laham¹•Institutions (2)

University of Colorado Boulder¹, New Mexico State University²

01 Jan 1998-Discourse Processes

TL;DR: The adequacy of LSA's reflection of human knowledge has been established in a variety of ways, for example, its scores overlap those of humans on standard vocabulary and subject matter tests; it mimics human word sorting and category judgments; it simulates word‐word and passage‐word lexical priming data.

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Abstract: Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) is a theory and method for extracting and representing the contextual‐usage meaning of words by statistical computations applied to a large corpus of text (Landauer & Dumais, 1997). The underlying idea is that the aggregate of all the word contexts in which a given word does and does not appear provides a set of mutual constraints that largely determines the similarity of meaning of words and sets of words to each other. The adequacy of LSA's reflection of human knowledge has been established in a variety of ways. For example, its scores overlap those of humans on standard vocabulary and subject matter tests; it mimics human word sorting and category judgments; it simulates word‐word and passage‐word lexical priming data; and, as reported in 3 following articles in this issue, it accurately estimates passage coherence, learnability of passages by individual students, and the quality and quantity of knowledge contained in an essay.

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4,391 citations

"Decomposition, lookup, and recombin..." refers methods in this paper

...Our statistical estimation of semantic coherence (described formally in Section 2.1.1.4) offers a novel methodology for evaluating the semantic wellformedness of complex words, as compared to other possible techniques, including the corpus-based measure of Latent Semantic Analysis (Landauer, Foltz, & Laham, 1998), behavioral judgments of the decomposability of complex words (Hay, 2000), as well as the corpus-derived semantic coherence of a word’s morphological family used by Hauk, Davis, Ford, Pulvermüller, and MarslenWilson (2006)....
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...We obtained values for the Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) measure from the pairwise comparison application on the LSA website (Landauer, n.d.)....
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...Finally, we expect to find a positive correlation between semantic coherence and the alternative corpus-based measure of Latent Semantic Analysis, as well as facilitatory effects of the latter measure in orbitofrontal cortex....
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...Finally, we looked at the Latent Semantic Analysis (Landauer et al., 1998) measure as yet another way of determining the semantic fit of stem and suffix....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The cortical organization of speech processing

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Gregory Hickok¹, David Poeppel²•Institutions (2)

University of California, Irvine¹, University of Maryland, College Park²

13 Apr 2007-Nature Reviews Neuroscience

TL;DR: A dual-stream model of speech processing is outlined that assumes that the ventral stream is largely bilaterally organized — although there are important computational differences between the left- and right-hemisphere systems — and that the dorsal stream is strongly left- Hemisphere dominant.

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Abstract: Despite decades of research, the functional neuroanatomy of speech processing has been difficult to characterize. A major impediment to progress may have been the failure to consider task effects when mapping speech-related processing systems. We outline a dual-stream model of speech processing that remedies this situation. In this model, a ventral stream processes speech signals for comprehension, and a dorsal stream maps acoustic speech signals to frontal lobe articulatory networks. The model assumes that the ventral stream is largely bilaterally organized--although there are important computational differences between the left- and right-hemisphere systems--and that the dorsal stream is strongly left-hemisphere dominant.

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4,234 citations

"Decomposition, lookup, and recombin..." refers background or result in this paper

...…support for the previously observed association of the left temporal lobe, and particularly, the left middle temporal gyrus, with the lexical access stage (e.g., Friederici, 2012; Gold & Rastle, 2007; Hickok & Poeppel, 2007; Indefrey & Levelt, 2004), as well as the later recombination stage....
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...The localization of lexical access to the left temporal lobe, and specifically the left middle temporal gyrus, is supported by the findings of many previous studies (e.g., Binder et al., 1997; Friederici, 2012; Hickok & Poeppel, 2007; Indefrey & Levelt, 2004)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

PsyScope: An interactive graphic system for designing and controlling experiments in the psychology laboratory using Macintosh computers

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Jonathan D. Cohen¹, Brian MacWhinney¹, Matthew Flatt¹, Jefferson Provost¹•Institutions (1)

Carnegie Mellon University¹

01 Jun 1993-Behavior Research Methods Instruments & Computers

TL;DR: The overall organization of the PsyScope program is described, an example of how a simple experiment can be constructed within its graphic environment is provided, and some of its technical features are discussed.

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Abstract: PsyScope is an integrated environment for designing and running psychology experiments on Macintosh computers. The primary goal of PsyScope is to give both psychology students and trained researchers a tool that allows them to design experiments without the need for programming. PsyScope relies on the interactive graphic environment provided by Macintosh computers to accomplish this goal. The standard components of a psychology experiment—groups, blocks, trials, and factors—are all represented graphically, and experiments are constructed by working with these elements in interactive windows and dialogs. In this article, we describe the overall organization of the program, provide an example of how a simple experiment can be constructed within its graphic environment, and discuss some of its technical features (such as its underlying scripting language, timing characteristics, etc.). PsyScope is available for noncommercial purposes free of charge and unsupported to the general research community. Information about how to obtain the program and its documentation is provided.

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2,805 citations