Decoupled Current-Balancing Control With Single-Sensor Sampling-Current Strategy For Two-Phase Interleaved Boost-Type Converters
01 Mar 2016-IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics (IEEE Industrial Electronics Society)-Vol. 63, Iss: 3, pp 1507-1518
TL;DR: The results show that the voltage-regulation loop and the proposed current-balancing loop are nominally decoupled, and two PI-type controllers can be designed independently and included to implement the proposed DCBC.
Abstract: For interleaved boost-type converters, both functions of voltage regulation and current balance are important. In this paper, the decoupled current-balancing control (DCBC) with two parallel loops is proposed. At first, the small-signal transfer functions of the voltage-regulation loop and the current balancing loop to the controller output are derived. The results show that the voltage-regulation loop and the proposed current-balancing loop are nominally decoupled. That is, two PI-type controllers can be designed independently and included to implement the proposed DCBC. Additionally, the single-sensor sampling-current strategy is proposed to obtain two average inductor currents by sensing only the sum of diode currents. All the controllers are implemented in field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The provided simulation and experimental results demonstrate the proposed DCBC.
Citations
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TL;DR: An innovative single-phase integrated charger, using the PEV propulsion machine and its traction converter, is introduced, capable of power factor correction and battery voltage/current regulation without any bulky add-on components.
Abstract: Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are equipped with onboard level-1 or level-2 chargers for home overnight or office daytime charging. In addition, off-board chargers can provide fast charging for traveling long distances. However, off-board high-power chargers are bulky, expensive, and require comprehensive evolution of charging infrastructures. An integrated onboard charger capable of fast charging of PEVs will combine the benefits of both the conventional onboard and off-board chargers, without additional weight, volume, and cost. In this paper, an innovative single-phase integrated charger, using the PEV propulsion machine and its traction converter, is introduced. The charger topology is capable of power factor correction and battery voltage/current regulation without any bulky add-on components. Ac machine windings are utilized as mutually coupled inductors, to construct a two-channel interleaved boost converter. The circuit analyses of the proposed technology, based on a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), are discussed in details. Experimental results of a 3-kW proof-of-concept prototype are carried out using a ${\textrm{220-V}}_{{\rm{rms}}}$ , 3-phase, 8-pole PMSM. A nearly unity power factor and 3.96% total harmonic distortion of input ac current are acquired with a maximum efficiency of 93.1%.
106 citations
Cites background from "Decoupled Current-Balancing Control..."
...This small unbalanced current does not affect the feasibility of the proposed integrated charger, and current balancing techniques can be applied to reduce the unbalancing currents [31], [32]....
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TL;DR: The design and development of a novel interleaved tri-state boost converter (ITBC), which produces lower ripple and exhibits better dynamic response, is discussed and is observed that ITBC is performed better than other two converters.
Abstract: In this paper, the design and development of a novel interleaved tri-state boost converter (ITBC), which produces lower ripple and exhibits better dynamic response, is discussed. Boost converters are frequently connected in parallel and operate in an interleaving mode for the reduction of ripple content in source current and in output voltage. In this way, interleaved boost converter (IBC) is conceived, which improves the power handling capabilities and increases the overall system rating. It also has the advantage of reduction of the ripple content in source current and output voltage, but when control-to-output transfer function of IBC is derived under continuous conduction mode of operation, then a right-half-plane (RHP) zero appears in the transfer function. Due to the presence of RHP zero, IBC has nonminimum phase problem, which deteriorates the dynamic performance. The tri-state boost converter (TBC) is the best choice for RHP zero elimination, but due to the extra freewheeling mode, ripple content will also be increased. The proposed converter is a parallel combination of two TBC and operates in an interleaving mode. Therefore, the proposed converter has both of the advantages of TBC and IBC. The performance analyses of ITBC, TBC, and IBC have been studied based on simulation and experimental results. From the comparative analysis, it is observed that ITBC is performed better than other two converters. The ripple comparisons between three converters have also been done. It is found that the ripple content in ITBC is slightly greater than IBC but is less than TBC.
54 citations
Cites background from "Decoupled Current-Balancing Control..."
..., efficient and reliable power converters [3], [4]....
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TL;DR: A safe charging operation for the integrated on-board electric vehicle (EV) charging system, where the power electronic components are reconfigured from the propulsive system, based on the analysis of the charging torque and the ripple currents is presented.
Abstract: This paper presents a safe charging operation for the integrated on-board electric vehicle (EV) charging system, where the power electronic components are reconfigured from the propulsive system. First, the rotational movement is detected and analyzed, when the motor windings are reutilized as the dc–dc inductors. Then the safe charging operation is investigated, which is based on the analysis of the charging torque and the ripple currents. Moreover, a new control strategy is presented with the purpose of the safe operation and smoothing reactor during the EV charging process. Finally, both simulation and experimentation are carried out to verify the safe charging operation. The results prove the feasibility and validity of the proposed safe charging operation for on-board charger with the three-phase interior permanent-magnet motor.
49 citations
Cites background from "Decoupled Current-Balancing Control..."
...The current ripples in the current continuous mode of the buck converter is analyzed in [27]–[29]....
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TL;DR: In this article, a magnetic design method is presented to improve the immunity to unbalanced currents in interleaved multiphase dc/dc converters, and a comprehensive analysis is carried out with two main objectives: to prevent magnetic saturation, which may arise due to the current unbalance, and to downsize the magnetic components by selecting the optimal coupling coefficient taking into consideration the maximum permissible percentage of unsaturated currents.
Abstract: High power density and high efficiency in dc/dc converters are required in various applications such as the automotive application. Interleaved multiphase circuits with integrated magnetic components can fulfill these requirements because passive components occupying significant space in power converters can be downsized without high-switching frequency driving of power devices. However, dc-biased magnetization is a drawback of integrated magnetic components because of unbalanced inductor average currents. This imbalance arises from the tolerance among the phase components. To overcome this problem, inductor average current control is implemented in interleaved multiphase dc/dc converters. Nevertheless, the imbalance cannot be completely eliminated because the current sensors inserted into each phase have gain errors. The purpose of this paper is to present a magnetic design method to improve the immunity to unbalanced currents. A comprehensive analysis is carried out with two main objectives: to prevent magnetic saturation, which may arise due to the current unbalance and to downsize the magnetic components by selecting the optimal coupling coefficient taking into consideration the maximum permissible percentage of unbalanced currents. Simulation case studies are presented to support the analysis. Finally, a 1-kW prototype of the interleaved boost converter is built to validate the accuracy of the design method.
21 citations
Cites background from "Decoupled Current-Balancing Control..."
...the dc-link part [31], [32], have been developed....
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TL;DR: The relationship equations between the periodic output voltage ripple and the phase current balance status are analyzed to help an interleaved boost converter prevent imbalanced heat distribution and inductor saturation and improve the output voltage performance and overall system efficiency.
Abstract: In this article, a sensorless current balance control method for a multiple-phase interleaved boost converter is proposed. Balanced current can help an interleaved boost converter prevent imbalanced heat distribution and inductor saturation as well as improving the output voltage performance and overall system efficiency. This article analyzes the relationship equations between the periodic output voltage ripple and the phase current balance status. In the proposed method, the current sensor is eliminated, and only one voltage sensor on the output capacitor side is needed to monitor the output voltage information. The proposed sensorless current control method estimates the phase current distribution status according to the periodic output voltage peak ripple value and adjusts the phase current distribution status by changing the gate drive signal duty cycle of each phase MOSFET. To validate the proposed method, a PSIM simulation model and a two-phase interleaved boost converter test bench are set up, and the experiment waveforms verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
11 citations
Cites methods from "Decoupled Current-Balancing Control..."
...[32]– [33] proposed a current balance method based on the dc-link current....
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...Using one current sensor [32]–[35] on the bus lane is another method for current balancing, which reduces the number of current sensors but requires complex calculations to decouple the bus current from the phase current....
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References
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TL;DR: A converter consisting of two interleaved and intercoupled boost converter cells is proposed and investigated, which has very good current sharing characteristics even in the presence of relatively large duty cycle mismatch.
Abstract: Boost converters are widely used as power-factor corrected preregulators In high-power applications, interleaved operation of two or more boost converters has been proposed to increase the output power and to reduce the output ripple A major design criterion then is to ensure equal current sharing among the parallel converters In this paper, a converter consisting of two interleaved and intercoupled boost converter cells is proposed and investigated The boost converter cells have very good current sharing characteristics even in the presence of relatively large duty cycle mismatch In addition, it can be designed to have small input current ripple and zero boost-rectifier reverse-recovery loss The operating principle, steady-state analysis, and comparison with the conventional boost converter are presented Simulation and experimental results are also given
570 citations
"Decoupled Current-Balancing Control..." refers background in this paper
...T HE interleaved dc–dc converters have some advantages— the power expansibility, high reliability, and easy maintainability [1]–[5]....
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23 Feb 1992
TL;DR: In this article, an efficient 1.5 kW power factor correction converter for computer applications is presented, where eight boost-topology switching cells are interleaved to meet stringent EMI input ripple specifications while operating at a very low switching frequency to minimize switching losses.
Abstract: A highly efficient 1.5 kW power factor correction converter for computer applications is presented. Eight boost-topology switching cells are interleaved to meet stringent EMI input ripple specifications while operating at a very low switching frequency (25 kHz per cell) to minimize switching losses. The result is a system with very high conversion efficiency (94%-97%, including input bridge, bias supply, and EMI filter losses) over the 93-264 VAC input range. Key implementation details, including discontinuous inductor current operation, a combination of linear and bang-bang control algorithms for fast dynamic load response, and extended (100 ms) power outage ride-through capability, are described. >
430 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a novel current-sensing and current-sharing technique is proposed for interleaved quasisquare-wave (QSW) VRM topologies, which can be controlled simply in parallel converters without a current transformer and current sensing resistors.
Abstract: Future generations of microprocessors are expected to exhibit much heavier loads and much faster transient slew rates. Today's voltage regulator module (VRM) will need a large amount of extra decoupling and output filter capacitors to meet future requirements, which will basically make the existing VRM topologies impractical. As a candidate topology, the interleaved quasisquare-wave (QSW) VRM exhibits very good performance, such as a fast transient response and a very high power density. The difficulty with the application of the interleaved parallel technology is the current-sharing control. In this paper, a novel current-sensing and current-sharing technique is proposed. With this technique, current sharing can be controlled simply in parallel converters without a current transformer and current-sensing resistors. In addition, this technique can be easily integrated with an IC chip. The four-module paralleled QSW VRM is used to evaluate this technique. Experimental results verify that with this technique, the VRM has a high power density, high efficiency and a fast transient response. The concept of the current sharing technique is also generalized and extended.
247 citations
"Decoupled Current-Balancing Control..." refers methods in this paper
...In order to avoid the effect of the current imbalance on the system reliability and thermal stress [7], the currentbalancing control method is important....
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23 Feb 1997
TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic approach for assessing the small-signal stability and dynamic performance of paralleled DC-DC power converters with master-slave current sharing control is presented.
Abstract: Dynamic analysis and design of paralleled DC-DC power converters with master-slave current sharing control is challenged by the abundance of feedback loops and loop gains. A systematic approach for assessing the small-signal stability and dynamic performance of paralleled modules is presented. The approach is based on the interface stability concept and allows a straightforward design of a current-sharing loop compensator. The suggested approach is general and can be applied to any number of paralleled modules.
219 citations
"Decoupled Current-Balancing Control..." refers background in this paper
...T HE interleaved dc–dc converters have some advantages— the power expansibility, high reliability, and easy maintainability [1]–[5]....
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a general small-signal stability analysis of paralleled power converter systems, including both the "democratic" and "master-slave" current sharing schemes.
Abstract: This paper presents a general small-signal stability analysis of paralleled power converter systems. The framework specializes to include both the "democratic" and "master-slave" current-sharing schemes. Design examples illustrate how to obtain stable current sharing. The authors show how paralleled power converters can become unstable (even when active current sharing is absent) and discuss the influence of the number of converters paralleled.
198 citations