Decoupling vibration control of a semi-active electrically interconnected suspension based on mechanical hardware-in-the-loop
TL;DR: The mHIL experiment platform is designed to validate the decoupling vibration control performance of the EIS system and develops a mechanical hardware-in-the-loop (mHIL) test platform to verify the effectiveness of the method.
About: This article is published in Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing.The article was published on 2022-03-01. It has received 7 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Decoupling (probability) & Vibration.
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors proposed an optimization methodology for the EIS and experimentally validated the effectiveness of the optimized ENs with a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform.
1 citations
TL;DR:
Abstract: To meet rising demands in performance and emissions compliance, companies are driven to develop systems of ever-increasing complexity. In-the-loop methods use a hybrid approach combining a physical subsystem with a virtual subsystem in real-time that can make product development processes faster and cheaper, enabling physical subsystems to be tested in real-world conditions while they are immersed in virtual environment simulation. These techniques evolved from being used solely in controller development with only the embedded controller placed as hardware-in-the-loop (HIL), to being a more holistic technique for system synthesis, capable of both component- and system-level studies. This paper delves into the development of the latter form, henceforth referred to as ‘component-in-the-loop’ or CIL. It provides a literature review of the growing uses of the technique in automotive development, giving a general implementation guidance in system architecture, methodology and control system structure. Furthermore, it suggests the need to clarify terminologies related to in-the-loop methods for a more efficient taxonomy. Definitions are proposed where deemed appropriate. In the age of search engines, this should facilitate knowledge transfer within and across disciplines. Finally, it highlights the key challenges in constructing such systems while discussing attempted solutions. CIL has reached a state of maturity where it is ready for wider adoption and continued technological progress will only push its potential further.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a versatile electrically interconnected suspension (EIS) system with variable inertance and variable damping (VIVD) in the heave direction and variable stiffness in the roll direction for vehicles to improve ride comfort.
Abstract: This article develops a versatile electrically interconnected suspension (EIS) system with variable inertance and variable damping (VIVD) in the heave direction and variable stiffness (VS) in the roll direction for vehicles to improve ride comfort. The conventional hydraulically interconnected suspensions have been utilized to improve ride comfort and prevent rollover, whereas such a hydraulic system results in more design complexity, maintenance, and cost. The EIS can achieve the suspension interconnection electrically and offer more design flexibility, energy efficiency, and faster system response. The proposed EIS comprises two electromagnetic dampers (EMDs), which are interconnected by an electrical network with controllable resistors, capacitors, and inductors, enabling the suspension to generate VIVD and VS characteristics in heave and roll, respectively. The system only requires energy for controlling electronic switches, which is low and efficient. Then, a decoupling semiactive control strategy based on ${\mathbf{H}}_\infty $ controller is proposed to mitigate the heave and roll vibration. Moreover, a half-car test rig is developed to evaluate the vibration control performance of the proposed EIS system by conducting a series of comprehensive tests. As a result, the EIS has a significant improvement in performance than a passive suspension. The versatile EIS has reduced the resonance by 13.0% compared to nonversatile EIS. The proposed versatile EIS system has great potential in practical application.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a semi-active suspension system of magnetorheological dampers is integrated into a quarter model and a 17 degrees of freedom (DOF) train model instead of the passive suspension, respectively.
Abstract: With the increasing speed of trains, the lateral vibration of the car body becomes violent and the ride comfort becomes worse. This study adopts semi-active control techniques to reduce the excessive vibration of the car body. A novel control strategy and its extended control strategy, Displacement-Velocity (DV) and Sky-hook (SH)-DV, are presented and applied to the magnetorheological (MR) dampers. The semi-active suspension system of MR dampers is integrated into a quarter model and a 17 degrees of freedom (DOF) train model instead of the passive suspension, respectively. The theoretical simulations are performed and compared with the SH control strategy. Furthermore, the hardware in the loop (HIL) test based on MR dampers is built and experimental research is carried out. In the theoretical simulations and experimental research, multiple service conditions are adopted, and the dynamic performance of highspeed trains is evaluated. Theoretical and experimental results indicate that the new control strategies can significantly suppress the vibration of the car body, and they can ensure the safety and stability of the high-speed train. Moreover, their control and robust performance (about time delay) are better than that of the SH, especially the DV. Therefore, this paper provides an additional choice for the methods of vibration control.
TL;DR: In this article , a versatile electrically interconnected suspension (EIS) system with variable inertance and variable damping (VIVD) in the heave direction and variable stiffness in the roll direction for vehicles to improve ride comfort.
Abstract: This paper develops a versatile electrically interconnected suspension (EIS) system with variable inertance and variable damping (VIVD) in the heave direction and variable stiffness (VS) in the roll direction for vehicles to improve ride comfort. The conventional hydraulicly interconnected suspensions have been utilized to improve ride comfort and prevent rollover, while such a hydraulic system results in more design complexity, maintenance, and cost. The EIS can achieve the suspension interconnection electrically and offer more design flexibility, energy efficiency, and faster system response. The proposed EIS comprises two electromagnetic dampers (EMDs), which are interconnected by an electrical network (EN) with controllable resistors, capacitors, and inductors, enabling the suspension to generate VIVD and VS characteristics in heave and roll, respectively. The system only requires energy for controlling electronic switches, which is low and efficient. Then, a decoupling semi-active control strategy based on ${\mathbf{H}}_\infty $
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TL;DR: In this article, rare-earth permanent magnets and high permeable magnetic loops are used to configure a four-phase linear generator with increased efficiency and reduced weight for a retrofit regenerative shock absorber.
Abstract: During the everyday usage of an automobile, only 10–16% of the fuel energy is used to drive the car—to overcome the resistance from road friction and air drag. One important loss is the dissipation of vibration energy by shock absorbers in the vehicle suspension under the excitation of road irregularity and vehicle acceleration or deceleration. In this paper we design, characterize and test a retrofit regenerative shock absorber which can efficiently recover the vibration energy in a compact space. Rare-earth permanent magnets and high permeable magnetic loops are used to configure a four-phase linear generator with increased efficiency and reduced weight. The finite element method is used to analyze the magnetic field and guide the design optimization. A theoretical model is created to analytically characterize the waveforms and regenerated power of the harvester at various vibration amplitudes, frequencies, equilibrium positions and design parameters. It was found that the waveform and RMS voltage of the individual coils will depend on the equilibrium position but the total energy will not. Experimental studies of a 1:2 scale prototype are conducted and the results agree very well with the theoretical predictions. Such a regenerative shock absorber will be able to harvest 16–64 W power at 0.25–0.5 m s − 1 RMS suspension velocity.
341 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an electromagnetic active suspension system that provides both additional stability and maneuverability by performing active roll and pitch control during cornering and braking, as well as eliminating road irregularities, is presented.
Abstract: This paper offers motivations for an electromagnetic active suspension system that provides both additional stability and maneuverability by performing active roll and pitch control during cornering and braking, as well as eliminating road irregularities, hence increasing both vehicle and passenger safety and drive comfort. Various technologies are compared with the proposed electromagnetic suspension system that uses a tubular permanent-magnet actuator (TPMA) with a passive spring. Based on on-road measurements and results from the literature, several specifications for the design of an electromagnetic suspension system are derived. The measured on-road movement of the passive suspension system is reproduced by electromagnetic actuation on a quarter car setup, proving the dynamic capabilities of an electromagnetic suspension system.
208 citations
TL;DR: An output feedback finite-time control method is investigated for stabilizing the perturbed vehicle active suspension system to improve the suspension performance and it can be shown that the active suspension is finite- time stabilized.
Abstract: In this paper, an output feedback finite-time control method is investigated for stabilizing the perturbed vehicle active suspension system to improve the suspension performance. Since physical suspension systems always exist in the phenomenon of uncertainty or external disturbance, a novel disturbance compensator with finite-time convergence performance is proposed for efficiently compensating the unknown external disturbance. Moreover, the presented compensator is advantageous over the existing ones since it is continuous and can completely remove the matched disturbance. From the viewpoint of practical implementation, continuous control law will not lead to chattering, which is desirable for electrical and mechanical systems. For the nominal suspension system without disturbance, a homogeneous controller with a simple filter is constructed to achieve a finite-time convergence property, where the filter is applied to obtain the unknown velocity signal. Thus, the nominal controller combines a disturbance compensator into an overall continuous control law, which provides two independent parts with a separate design unit and a high flexibility for selecting the control gains. According to the geometric homogeneity and finite-time separation principle, it can be shown that the active suspension is finite-time stabilized. A designed example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the presented controller for improving the vehicle ride performance.
161 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the robust fault-tolerant H ∞ control problem of active suspension systems with finite-frequency constraint is investigated, and a full-car model is employed in the controller design such that the heave, pitch and roll motions can be simultaneously controlled.
137 citations
TL;DR: This paper investigates both robust H/sub /spl infin// analysis and synthesis problems involving observer-based fuzzy control via linear matrix inequality methods for which efficient optimization techniques are available.
Abstract: This paper investigates both robust H/sub /spl infin// analysis and synthesis problems involving observer-based fuzzy control via linear matrix inequality methods for which efficient optimization techniques are available. The observer and controller are capable of disturbance-rejection in the presence of unknown but bounded disturbance. We present results in a unified fashion applicable to both continuous- and discrete-time problems with or without uncertainty. Finally, the validity and applicability of the approach are demonstrated by examples.
136 citations