Deep learning with coherent nanophotonic circuits
Citations
263 citations
Cites background or methods from "Deep learning with coherent nanopho..."
...This adaptation of deep neural networks to integrated photonics was tested on a simple vowel recognition problem [2]....
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...PNPs implementing matrices or quantum gates [2,15] (which can be specified as unitary matrices) are generally programmed using a category (2) protocol....
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...Some machine learning algorithms, including neural networks, appear suited for analog computing architectures, including analog complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuits [69], memristor arrays [70,71], photonic networks [2], and magnetic devices [72]....
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...[2], it is possible to directly map the mathematical description of a multilayer perceptron, the most basic form of deep neural network, onto arrays of PNPs connected by nonlinear optical components....
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...PNPs are already finding applications in proof-of-concept demonstrations including classical computing systems [1–3], quantum computing systems [15], self-calibrating mode mixers [26], and matrix processors [2,15,27]....
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251 citations
251 citations
Cites background from "Deep learning with coherent nanopho..."
...An impressive step towards this paradigm has been realized recently in silicon integrated photonic meshes comprising hundreds of optical components in millimeter-sized chips, demonstrating key aspects of an optical neural network processing [635]....
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245 citations
245 citations
References
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23,074 citations
"Deep learning with coherent nanopho..." refers background or methods in this paper
...The computational resolution of ONNs is limited by practical non-idealities, including (1) thermal crosstalk between phase shifters in interferometers, (2) optical coupling drift, (3) the finite precision with which an optical phase can be set (16 bits in our case), (4) photodetection noise and (5) finite photodetection dynamic range (30 dB in our case)....
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...(3) Once a neural network is trained, the architecture can be passive, and computation on the optical signals will be performed without additional energy input....
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...We used four instances of the OIU to realize the following matrix transformations in the spatial-mode basis: (1) U((1))Σ((1)), (2) V((1)), (3) U((2))Σ((2)) and (4) V((2))....
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...Transformations (1) and (2) realize the first matrix M((1)), and (3) and (4) implement M((2))....
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16,717 citations
14,635 citations
"Deep learning with coherent nanopho..." refers methods in this paper
...ANNs can be trained by feeding training data into the input layer and then computing the output by forward propagation; weighting parameters in each matrix are subsequently optimized using back propagation [16]....
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