Deficit-Based Indigenous Health Research and the Stereotyping of Indigenous Peoples
01 Nov 2019-Canadian Journal of Bioethics (Programmes de bioéthique, École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal)-Vol. 2, Iss: 2, pp 102-109
TL;DR: In this paper, the incompatibility of deficit-based research with principles from several ethical frameworks including the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS2) Chapter 9, OCAP® (ownership, control, access, possession), Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami National Inuit Strategy on Research, and Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research (CCGHR) Principles for Global health Research was explored.
Abstract: Health research tends to be deficit-based by nature; as researchers we typically quantify or qualify absence of health markers or presence of illness. This can create a narrative with far reaching effects for communities already subject to stigmatization. In the context of Indigenous health research, a deficit-based discourse has the potential to contribute to stereotyping and marginalization of Indigenous Peoples in wider society. This is especially true when researchers fail to explore the roots of health deficits, namely colonization, Westernization, and intergenerational trauma, risking conflation of complex health challenges with inherent Indigenous characteristics. In this paper we explore the incompatibility of deficit-based research with principles from several ethical frameworks including the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS2) Chapter 9, OCAP® (ownership, control, access, possession), Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami National Inuit Strategy on Research, and Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research (CCGHR) Principles for Global Health Research. Additionally we draw upon cases of deficit-based research and stereotyping in healthcare, in order to identify how this relates to epistemic injustice and explore alternative approaches.
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Cites background from "Deficit-Based Indigenous Health Res..."
...Similarly, the goals of building capacity and expanding opportunity can unintentionally impose deficitbased models (Bernal, 2002; Hyett et al., 2020) that run the risk of perpetuating themes of marginalization or disadvantage....
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TL;DR: The potential for negative consequences, bias and epistemic injustice to occur when health literacy instruments are used across settings without due regard for the lived experiences of people in various contexts from whom data are collected is explored.
Abstract: Definitions of health literacy have evolved from notions of health-related literacy to a multidimensional concept that incorporates the importance of social and cultural knowledge, practices and contexts. This evolution is evident in the development of instruments that seek to measure health literacy in different ways. Health literacy measurement is important for global health because diverse stakeholders, including the WHO, use these data to inform health practice and policy, and to understand sources of inequity. In this Practice paper, we explore the potential for negative consequences, bias and epistemic injustice to occur when health literacy instruments are used across settings without due regard for the lived experiences of people in various contexts from whom data are collected. A health literacy measurement approach that is emic-sensitive, strengths based and solution oriented is needed to minimise biased data interpretation and use and to avoid epistemic injustice.
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References
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TL;DR: Applying photovoice to public health promotion, the authors describe the methodology and analyze its value for participatory needs assessment.
Abstract: Photovoice is a process by which people can identify, represent, and enhance their community through a specific photographic technique. As a practice based in the production of knowledge, photovoice has three main goals: (1) to enable people to record and reflect their community's strengths and concerns, (2) to promote critical dialogue and knowledge about important issues through large and small group discussion of photographs, and (3) to reach policymakers. Applying photovoice to public health promotion, the authors describe the methodology and analyze its value for participatory needs assessment. They discuss the development of the photovoice concept, advantages and disadvantages, key elements, participatory analysis, materials and resources, and implications for practice.
3,862 citations
"Deficit-Based Indigenous Health Res..." refers background in this paper
...Photovoice is a powerful participatory technique that enables participants to 1) assess community strengths and concerns, 2) communicate community ideas to researchers and policymakers, 3) put the power of photography into the hands of community members, 4) promote critical dialogue and knowledge about issues through group discussion of photos, 5) facilitate power-sharing by having the participant rather than the researcher determine the subject and meaning of the photo, 6) facilitate a richer understanding of the issues being studied, and 7) help participants reflect on and recognize their own perspectives on issues facing their communities [45-50]....
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Book•
18 Nov 2002
TL;DR: Minkler and Wallerstein this article provide evidence that the field of community-based participatory research (CBPR) has reached an important developmental point as a field, even if we cannot as yet agree on a single name.
Abstract: If Thomas Kuhn (1962) is correct, a field of inquiry develops in stages. Some members of a field of inquiry recognize anomalies in the foundational beliefs and seek better explanations of problems, such as health and economic disparities, and practices of inquiry about them. A few distinctive achievements or discoveries provide the new approaches greater legitimacy. Eventually, a critical mass of information and researchers develops and the alternative explanations and research practices offer canons of practice, which mark an advanced stage of the development of an emerging field of inquiry. This special issue of the Michigan Journal and Meredith Minkler and Nina Wallerstein’s edited volume, Community-Based Participatory Research for Health, offer evidence that the field of community-based participatory research (CBPR) has reached an important developmental point as a field. The forthcoming Community-Based Research and Higher Education: Principles and Practices (Strand, Marullo, Cutforth, Stoecker, & Donohue, 2003); the recently published The Handbook of Action Research (Reason & Bradbury, 2001); and Ernest Stringer’s recent work (1999) and forthcoming work on participatory action research in higher education provide further evidence that we have exemplars of the methods of participatory research and canons for their practice, even if we cannot as yet agree on a single name. Whatever the nuances among the terms, there is coherence. We are talking about research that
1,905 citations
"Deficit-Based Indigenous Health Res..." refers background in this paper
...It is an ideal approach for research with Indigenous communities because it “fosters trust, gives community members ownership over research data, and shifts the balance of power to community members”; and it is consistent with a CBPR paradigm [49,51-53]....
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07 Nov 2009
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a framework for the creation of Indigenous Research Frameworks by applying a decolonizing lens within the framework of story-as-indigenous-methodology.
Abstract: Acknowledgments Prologue Introduction * Indigenous and Qualitative Inquiry: A Round Dance? * Creating Indigenous Research Frameworks* Epistemology and Research: Centring Tribal Knowledge* Applying a Decolonizing Lens within Indigenous Research Frameworks* Story as Indigenous Methodology* Situating Self, Culture, and Purpose in Indigenous Inquiry* Indigenous Research Methods and Interpretation* Doing Indigenous Research in a Good Way-Ethics and Reciprocity* Situating Indigenous Research within the Academy Conclusion Epilogue References Index
1,704 citations
"Deficit-Based Indigenous Health Res..." refers background in this paper
...Furthermore, Indigenous scholars are conducting research using their own methods and methodologies [8-10], which present an avenue to the production of knowledge that is meaningful in Indigenous contexts, created by and for Indigenous Peoples....
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01 Jan 1994
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe photo novella's underpinnings: empowerment education, feminist theory, and documentary photography, and show that the camera is my tool. Through it I give a reason to everything aroun...
Abstract: Photo novella does not entrust cameras to health specialists, policymakers, or profes sional photographers, but puts them in the hands of children, rural women, grassroots workers, and other constituents with little access to those who make decisions over their lives. Promoting what Brazilian educator Paulo Freire has termed "education for critical consciousness," photo novella allows people to document and discuss their life conditions as they see them. This process of empowerment education also enables community members with little money, power, or status to communicate to policymakers where change must occur. This paper describes photo novella's underpinnings: empowerment education, feminist theory, and documentary photography. It draws on our experience implementing the process among 62 rural Chinese women, and shows that two major implications of photo novella are its contributions to changes in consciousness and in forming policy. The camera is my tool. Through it I give a reason to everything aroun...
1,047 citations