Journal ArticleDOI
Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus
Kenneth C. H. Fearon,Florian Strasser,Stefan D. Anker,Ingvar Bosaeus,Eduardo Bruera,Robin L. Fainsinger,Aminah Jatoi,Charles L. Loprinzi,Neil MacDonald,Giovanni Mantovani,Mellar P. Davis,Maurizio Muscaritoli,Faith D. Ottery,Lukas Radbruch,Paula Ravasco,Declan Walsh,Andrew Wilcock,Stein Kaasa,Vickie E. Baracos +18 more
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TLDR
A framework exists on a framework for the definition and classification of cancer cachexia, a multifactorial syndrome defined by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass that cannot be fully reversed by conventional nutritional support and leads to progressive functional impairment.Abstract:
Summary To develop a framework for the definition and classification of cancer cachexia a panel of experts participated in a formal consensus process, including focus groups and two Delphi rounds. Cancer cachexia was defined as a multifactorial syndrome defined by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass (with or without loss of fat mass) that cannot be fully reversed by conventional nutritional support and leads to progressive functional impairment. Its pathophysiology is characterised by a negative protein and energy balance driven by a variable combination of reduced food intake and abnormal metabolism. The agreed diagnostic criterion for cachexia was weight loss greater than 5%, or weight loss greater than 2% in individuals already showing depletion according to current bodyweight and height (body-mass index [BMI] 2 ) or skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia). An agreement was made that the cachexia syndrome can develop progressively through various stages—precachexia to cachexia to refractory cachexia. Severity can be classified according to degree of depletion of energy stores and body protein (BMI) in combination with degree of ongoing weight loss. Assessment for classification and clinical management should include the following domains: anorexia or reduced food intake, catabolic drive, muscle mass and strength, functional and psychosocial impairment. Consensus exists on a framework for the definition and classification of cancer cachexia. After validation, this should aid clinical trial design, development of practice guidelines, and, eventually, routine clinical management.read more
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Sarcopenia: Revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis
Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft,Gulistan Bahat,Jürgen M. Bauer,Yves Boirie,Olivier Bruyère,Tommy Cederholm,Cyrus Cooper,Francesco Landi,Yves Rolland,Avan Aihie Sayer,Stéphane M. Schneider,Cornel C. Sieber,Eva Topinkova,Maurits Vandewoude,Marjolein Visser,Mauro Zamboni +15 more
TL;DR: An emphasis is placed on low muscle strength as a key characteristic of sarcopenia, uses detection of low muscle quantity and quality to confirm the sarc Openia diagnosis, and provides clear cut-off points for measurements of variables that identify and characterise sarc openia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cancer cachexia in the age of obesity: skeletal muscle depletion is a powerful prognostic factor, independent of body mass index.
Lisa Martin,Laura Birdsell,Neil MacDonald,Tony Reiman,M. Thomas Clandinin,Linda J. McCargar,Rachel A. Murphy,Sunita Ghosh,Michael B. Sawyer,Vickie E. Baracos +9 more
TL;DR: Patients with cancer who are cachexic by the conventional criterion and by two additional criteria (muscle depletion and low muscle attenuation) share a poor prognosis, regardless of overall body weight.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis
John F. Cryan,Kenneth J. O’Riordan,Caitlin S. M. Cowan,Kiran V. Sandhu,Thomaz F.S. Bastiaanssen,Marcus Boehme,Martín Gabriel Codagnone,Sofia Cussotto,Christine Fülling,Anna V. Golubeva,Katherine E. Guzzetta,Minal Jaggar,Caitriona M. Long-Smith,Joshua M. Lyte,Jason A. Martin,Alicia Molinero-Perez,Gerard M. Moloney,Emanuela Morelli,Enrique Morillas,Rory C. O'Connor,Joana S Cruz-Pereira,Veronica L. Peterson,Kieran Rea,Nathaniel L. Ritz,Eoin Sherwin,Simon Spichak,Emily M. Teichman,Marcel van de Wouw,Ana Paula Ventura-Silva,Shauna E. Wallace-Fitzsimons,Niall P. Hyland,Gerard Clarke,Timothy G. Dinan +32 more
TL;DR: Future studies will focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain axis and attempt to elucidate microbial-based intervention and therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
ESPEN guidelines on nutrition in cancer patients
Jann Arends,Patrick Bachmann,Vickie E. Baracos,Nicole Barthelemy,Hartmut Bertz,Federico Bozzetti,Kenneth C. H. Fearon,Elisabeth Hütterer,Elizabeth Isenring,Stein Kaasa,Zeljko Krznaric,Barry Laird,Maria Larsson,Alessandro Laviano,Stefan Mühlebach,Maurizio Muscaritoli,Line Merethe Oldervoll,Paula Ravasco,Tora Skeidsvoll Solheim,Florian Strasser,Marian A. E. de van der Schueren,Jean-Charles Preiser +21 more
TL;DR: These evidence-based guidelines were developed to translate current best evidence and expert opinion into recommendations for multi-disciplinary teams responsible for identification, prevention, and treatment of reversible elements of malnutrition in adult cancer patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nutrition and physical activity guidelines for cancer survivors.
Cheryl L. Rock,Colleen Doyle,Wendy Demark-Wahnefried,Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt,Kerry S. Courneya,Anna L. Schwartz,Elisa V. Bandera,Kathryn K. Hamilton,Barbara L. Grant,Marjorie L. McCullough,Tim Byers,Ted Gansler +11 more
TL;DR: The American Cancer Society (ACS) conducted a study with a group of experts in nutrition, physical activity, and cancer survivorship to evaluate the scientific evidence and best clinical practices related to optimal nutrition and physical activity after the diagnosis of cancer.
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