Degradable and processable polymer monoliths with open-pore porosity for selective CO2 and iodine adsorption.
TL;DR: In this paper, a surfactant-free method is reported for the synthesis of a processable and degradable aliphatic open-pore porous polyelectrolyte monolith for the removal of gaseous pollutants such as iodine and CO2 via a colloidal templating method.
Abstract: A task-specific design of biodegradable and processable porous polymers is one of the primary requisite for their efficient day-to-day use to minimize polymer waste Herein, a surfactant (or additive)-free method is reported for the synthesis of a processable and degradable aliphatic open-pore porous polyelectrolyte monolith for the removal of gaseous pollutants such as iodine and CO2 This is achieved via a colloidal templating method In the 1st stage, cationic colloidal nanoparticles containing reactive amines and acrylamide groups were formed via the phase separation of hyperbranched polyaminoamides in water (sol) These cationic nanoparticles (which acted as both templates and macromers) further reacted to form a gel, which upon freeze-drying leads to the formation of a polymer monolith with an open-pore porous morphology and hierarchical porosity throughout its structure During gelation, the shape of the monolith can be controlled using suitable templates and a similar strategy was used to prepare porous thin films The monolith has shown excellent iodine adsorption ability (5000 mg g−1 in the vapor phase and 2663 mg g−1 in the solution phase) with good reusability and CO2 adsorption ability (60 mg g−1), with CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 selectivities of 185 and 67, respectively The degradability of the materials was studied in detail at different pH, confirming their easy degradability in aqueous solutions and a higher degradability at basic pH
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TL;DR: In this paper , the removal of iodine from different media (such as vapor, organic solvent and water) is of primary importance for the sustainable development of the future of the world.
Abstract: Due to their long half life and volatile nature, efficient removal of iodine from different media (such as vapor, organic solvent and water) is of primary importance for the sustainable...
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the fabrication of macroporous polymers from oil-in-water HIPEs by simultaneous ring-opening polymerization and interface-catalyzed condensation, without heating or removal of oxygen.
Abstract: Macroporous materials templated using high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) are promising for various applications. To date, new strategies to create emulsion-templated porous materials and to tune their properties (especially wetting properties) are still highly required. Here, we report the fabrication of macroporous polymers from oil-in-water HIPEs, bereft of conventional monomers and crosslinking monomers, by simultaneous ring-opening polymerization and interface-catalyzed condensation, without heating or removal of oxygen. The resulting macroporous polymers showed drying condition-dependent wetting properties (e.g., hydrophilicity–oleophilicity from freezing drying, hydrophilicity–oleophobicity from vacuum drying, and amphiphobicity from heat drying), densities (from 0.019 to 0.350 g cc−1), and compressive properties. Hydrophilic–oleophilic and amphiphobic porous polymers turned hydrophilic–oleophobic simply by heating and protonation, respectively. The hydrophilic–oleophobic porous polymers could remove a small amount of water from oil–water mixtures (including surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions) by selective absorption and could remove water-soluble dyes from oil–water mixtures. Moreover, the transition in wetting properties enabled the removal of water and dyes in a controlled manner. The feature that combines simply preparation, tunable wetting properties and densities, robust compression, high absorption capacity (rate) and controllable absorption makes the porous polymers to be excellent candidates for the removal of water and water-soluble dyes from oil–water mixtures.
5 citations
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TL;DR: A reactive stimuli responsive fluorescent polyaminoamide nanogel is synthesized via an aza-Michael polyaddition reaction in water to form a ratiometric nanosensor for temperature and pH sensing and comparable biocompatibility of the donor nanogels and nanosensors was revealed.
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TL;DR: Policies for managing plastic debris are outdated and threaten the health of people and wildlife, say Chelsea M Rochman, Mark Anthony Browne and colleagues.
Abstract: Policies for managing plastic debris are outdated and threaten the health of people and wildlife, say Chelsea M. Rochman, Mark Anthony Browne and colleagues.
1,130 citations
TL;DR: Porous organic polymers (POPs) can be divided into three major classes: rigid well-defined homogeneous catalysts as building blocks, POPs modified post-synthesis, and POPs that encapsulate metal particles.
Abstract: Porous organic polymers (POPs), a class of highly cross-linked, amorphous polymers possessing micropores, have recently emerged as a versatile platform for the deployment of catalysts. These materials can be divided into three major classes: POPs that incorporate rigid well-defined homogeneous catalysts as building blocks, POPs that can be modified post-synthesis, and POPs that encapsulate metal particles. This perspective article summarizes the recent developments in POP-based catalysis and outlines the potential of POPs as platforms of heterogeneous catalysts along with some of the challenges.
760 citations
TL;DR: The basic synthetic principles and strategies of HCPs are described, but also the advancements in the structural and morphological study as well as the frontiers of potential applications in energy and environmental fields such as gas storage, carbon capture, removal of pollutants, molecular separation, catalysis, drug delivery, sensing etc are described.
Abstract: Hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) are a series of permanent microporous polymer materials initially reported by Davankov, and have received an increasing level of research interest. In recent years, HCPs have experienced rapid growth due to their remarkable advantages such as diverse synthetic methods, easy functionalization, high surface area, low cost reagents and mild operating conditions. Judicious selection of monomers, appropriate length crosslinkers and optimized reaction conditions yielded a well-developed polymer framework with an adjusted porous topology. Post fabrication of the as developed network facilitates the incorporation of various chemical functionalities that may lead to interesting properties and enhance the selection toward a specific application. To date, numerous HCPs have been prepared by post-crosslinking polystyrene-based precursors, one-step self-polycondensation or external crosslinking strategies. The advent of these methodologies has prompted researchers to construct well-defined porous polymer networks with customized micromorphology and functionalities. In this review, we describe not only the basic synthetic principles and strategies of HCPs, but also the advancements in the structural and morphological study as well as the frontiers of potential applications in energy and environmental fields such as gas storage, carbon capture, removal of pollutants, molecular separation, catalysis, drug delivery, sensing etc.
695 citations
TL;DR: The data show that comparable bone-like tissues can be engineered in vitro over a 56 day period using different rat calvarial osteoblast seeding densities onto biodegradable polymer scaffolds with pore sizes in the range of 150-710 microm.
510 citations
TL;DR: This review describes the use of macroemulsions as templates for the production of porous materials using high internal phase emulsions in order to produce interconnected open porous structures.
Abstract: This review describes the use of macroemulsions as templates for the production of porous materials. We focus on the use of high internal phase emulsions in order to produce interconnected open porous structures. The review encompasses porous hydrophobic polymers, hydrophilic polymers, composites, silica, metal oxides, and metals. The potential applications of these materials are also discussed.
412 citations