Degradation of Crude Oil Using Biodiesel Produced from Seeds of Mimusops Elengi and Waste Beef Tallow
Abstract: This paper deals with the study of degradation of crude oil using biodiesel from two different sources having different degree of saturation. Biodiesel is normally produced for meeting the energy demand in the market, can also be used for the degradation purpose because of its solvent nature on hydrocarbons. This property is used to degrade the crude oil by dissolve the complex hydrocarbon chains in it, thereby reducing its viscosity and enhancing its handling. The feedstocks used for biodiesel production are oil from seeds of Mimusops elengi (unsaturated oil) and waste beef tallow (saturated Fat). The biodiesel was produced by the means of base catalyzed methanol transesterification reaction. The most optimized blending ratio between crude oil to biodiesel was found to be 1:1.95 (crude oil: biodiesel) for elengi biodiesel and 1:1.85 (crude oil: biodiesel) for tallow biodiesel and the retention time for elengi oil and tallow biodiesel was found to be 16 days and 24 days respectively. The maximum degradation rate that was achieved by this technique was 95%. This method proves to be a renewable option for degrading the spilled crude oil during wreckages with limited environmental concerns in ecofriendly manner.
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Topics: Biodiesel production (66%), Biodiesel (65%), Transesterification (53%) ...read more
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Abstract: Biodiesel is a long chain fatty acid alkyl ester molecule with robust characteristics suitable for both environment and as alternate energy resources. This paper aimed in summarizing the detailed literature study on biodiesel produced from waste animal fats discarded from leather tanneries and animal slaughter houses. This study concentrated on the extraction techniques, refining process, biodiesel production process along with its advantages and effect on engine. The fats had been proven to a viable feedstock when compared to vegetable oil and waste cooking oil in terms of productivity and economy. Various technical challenges involved in biodiesel production are food vs. fuel conflict over feedstock, auxiliary energy requirement for fat extraction and biodiesel production, Free Fatty Acid content, optimizing the reaction. Effects of biodiesel on engine application had also been discussed and will be providing wider scope of research for overcoming these short comes. This literature study affirmed that biodiesel produced from waste animal fat has a very good impact in reducing environmental pollution and moving a step ahead towards an effective sustainable development.
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Topics: Animal fat (57%), Biodiesel (52%)
15 Citations
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Abstract: The biodegradability of various biodiesel fuels was examined by the CO2 evolution method (EPA 560/6-82-003),
BOD5 (EPA 405.1), COD (EPA 410), and gas chromatography (GC) analyses in an aquatic system. The fuels examined
included the methyl- and ethyl-esters of rapeseed oil and soybean oil, neat rapeseed oil, neat soybean oil and Phillips 2-D
low sulfur, reference petroleum diesel. Blends of biodiesel/petroleum diesel at different volumetric ratios, including 80/20,
50/50, and 20/80, were also examined. The results demonstrate that all the biodiesel fuels are “readily biodegradable”.
Moreover, in the presence of REE, the degradation rate of petroleum diesel increased to twice that of petroleum diesel alone.
The pattern of biodegradation in the blends and reasons why biodiesel is more readily degradable than petroleum diesel are
discussed. The biodegradation monitoring results from both CO2 evolution and GC methods are compared.
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Topics: Diesel fuel (64%), Biodiesel (64%), Petroleum product (62%) ...read more
221 Citations
Abstract: Biodiesel is a clean renewable fuel with many environmental advantages. One of the most important is its good biodegradability and ability to dissolve crude oil and its derivatives. In this paper, we used the CO2 evolution test to study the biodegradability of biodiesel and its mixtures with fossil diesel fuel and gasoline. The biodegradability of biodiesel was higher than 98% after 28 days, while for diesel fuel and gasoline it was 50% and 56%, respectively. In all the cases, biodegradability increased with the addition of biodiesel. To evaluate the synergic effect, the experimental results for the mixtures were compared with a linear combination of the biodegradability values for the pure compounds. The synergic effect was positive in all the cases, demonstrating that biodiesel enhances the biodegradability of both diesel fuel and gasoline by means of cometabolism. The density and viscosity of the mixtures were also evaluated to determine the possibility of collecting them from an affected area. Although both properties increased with the addition of biodiesel, in all the cases the density was lower than that of water and the viscosity was low enough to allow pumpability.
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Topics: Diesel fuel (63%), Biodiesel (63%), Renewable fuels (54%) ...read more
183 Citations
Topics: Environmental impact assessment (51%)
117 Citations
Abstract: Experiments using biodiesel derived from vegetable oils have demonstrated the considerable potential for removing crude oil from contaminated beaches. During laboratory studies in small boxes, contaminated sand treated with biodiesel also demonstrated the rapid biodegradation of the crude oil. Water soluble components were washed through the sand columns and these components subsequently precipitated with cold storage. This solid fraction was not soluble in organic solvents but could be re-dissolved in dilute acid. The sediments after four weeks were black in colour due to the precipitation of metal sulphides although no H 2 S was generated because the pH of the seawater kept the sulphides in solution. Further work is investigating which components of the oil were degraded and what products were formed.
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Topics: Vegetable oil (59%), Biodiesel (56%), Cold storage (53%) ...read more
98 Citations
Abstract: The addition of biodiesel together with nitrate and phosphate to soil containing coal tar, in laboratory and field experiments, resulted in degradation of coal tar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) that was not apparent when the nutrients alone were added. The addition of motor diesel fuel instead of biodiesel was also tested. Over the 55 days of the field and laboratory experiments, the biodiesel resulted in an increased degradation of naphthalene in the coal tar by 52% and 85%, respectively, and motor diesel resulted in increased depletions of 85% and 96%, respectively. Other PAH containing up to four rings were depleted to lesser extents. The increases in PAH biodegradation by the diesel treatments were ascribed to tar solubilisation and dispersion thereby increasing the PAH bioavailability. The ready biodegradability and low phytotoxicity of biodiesel suggest that it may be suitable as a novel treatment for the bioremediation of coal tar contaminated soils.
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Topics: Tar (66%), Coal tar (63%), Diesel fuel (55%) ...read more
97 Citations