Del discurso a las prácticas: Políticas sociales y psicología comunitaria en Chile
27 Dec 2015-Polis (santiago) (Centro de Investigación Sociedad y Politicas Públicas (CISPO))-Vol. 14, Iss: 42, pp 387-413
TL;DR: In this article, a trabajo se aborda descriptivamente las dimensiones etica y politica of the Psicologia Comunitaria (PC) en la politica social chilena, a partir de un estudio cualitativo that contemplo tres fases progresivas de estudios.
Abstract: En este trabajo se aborda descriptivamente las dimensiones etica y politica de la Psicologia Comunitaria (PC) en la politica social chilena a partir de un estudio cualitativo que contemplo tres fases progresivas de estudio: (1) Confeccion de un catastro de la oferta de programas comunitarios (PCo) vigentes en los sitios web de diez Ministerios (N= 101); (2) Analisis descriptivo de las orientaciones y practicas implementadas en PCo cercanos a los principios etico-politicos de la PC; y (3) Estudio de caso de tres PCo ejecutados en la Region de Valparaiso y Metropolitana. Los resultados muestran una escasa convergencia entre los principios y valores etico-politicos de la PC y los fundamentos y practicas implementadas en los PCo examinados, mientras que a nivel metodologico existe mayor cercania con modelos y estrategias propias de la disciplina. Se concluye que la incidencia de la PC chilena en las politicas sociales se limita solo al plano tecnico-metodologico, excluyendo sus principios orientadores.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe and analyze the ways in which the community perspective is integrated into a set of government programs in Chile, which are declared "community", and show that the public policy programs reviewed, do not meet the possibilities of the PC to strengthen communities.
Abstract: espanolEl antagonismo valorico entre la Psicologia Comunitaria (PC) y el Neoliberalismo condiciona el quehacer profesional de la PC. Con el objetivo de conocer el modo en que se despliega la tension entre politicas neoliberales y psicologia comunitaria, se describe y analiza las formas en que se integra la perspectiva comunitaria en un conjunto de programas gubernamentales en Chile, que se declaran “comunitarios”. Los resultados muestran que los programas de politicas publicas revisados, no cumplen con las posibilidades de la PC para fortalecer las comunidades. Se evidencia la urgente necesidad de recuperar y fortalecer la consideracion de la dimension etica-politica en la formacion profesional y la participacion de la PC en politicas publicas EnglishThe value antagonism between Community Psychology (PC) and Neoliberalism conditions professional work. In order to know the way in which the tension between neoliberal policies and community psychology unfolds, the ways in which the community perspective is integrated into a set of government programs in Chile, which are declared "community", are described and analyzed. The results show that the public policy programs reviewed, do not meet the possibilities of the PC to strengthen communities. There is an urgent need to recover and strengthen the consideration of the ethical-political dimension in professional training and the participation of the PC in public policies
8 citations
03 Jul 2018
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of usuarios of two programas psicosociales chilenos focused on the relationship entre agente de intervencion and participante.
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Los programas de apoyo psicosocial se centran en la relacion entre agente de intervencion y participante. La literatura teorica indica la importancia de dicha relacion y las caracteristicas de los agentes, asi como estudios empiricos dan cuenta de su influencia en los efectos de la intervencion. Sin embargo, tales caracterizaciones son genericas, sin atender a la diversidad de participantes; y los estudios usan variables definidas a priori que no recogen las experiencias de participacion. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar, desde la perspectiva de usuarios de dos programas psicosociales chilenos, la relacion que establecieron con sus agentes de intervencion, y su influencia en la implementacion y efectos de la misma segun su nivel de vulnerabilidad. Se realizaron doce entrevistas, analizadas desde la Teoria Fundamentada. Se identificaron experiencias positivas y negativas asociadas al apoyo psicosocial prestado por los agentes, y variaciones en los cambios , sucediendo que para las personas en mayor vulnerabilidad el apoyo emocional fue un medio crucial para recibir apoyo tecnico. Se concluye sobre la importancia de que los agentes puedan adaptarse a distintos tipos de usuarios.
5 citations
TL;DR: Alfaro et al. as discussed by the authors analyzed the content of the stories that professionals who work in social policy programs in Chile build about the tensions that arise between their work, social policies and the principles of Community Psychology.
Abstract: espanolDesde la decada del 90 en Chile, las intervenciones en Psicologia Comunitaria se han desarrollado principalmente dentro del marco simbolico, teorico y de recursos de las politicas sociales (Alfaro, 2012). Esta relacion se ha caracterizado por una tension entre los modelos de politicas publicas neoliberales y las dimensiones etico-politicas de la Psicologia Comunitaria. En esta investigacion se analiza el contenido de los relatos que construyen profesionales que trabajan en programas de politicas sociales en Chile, sobre las tensiones que se producen entre su quehacer, las politicas sociales y los principios de la Psicologia Comunitaria. Se entrevista a diez psicologos-as comunitarias-os, que tienen entre 2 a 26 anos de experiencia trabajando en instituciones que ejecutan politicas sociales. Se reporta que la tension en el quehacer profesional en la politica publica se expresa en el grado de autonomia que otorgan los espacios de trabajo, la disputa profesional de su quehacer en la politica publica y las consecuencias personales producto de las tensiones profesionales en sus espacios laborales EnglishSince the 1990s in Chile, interventions in community psychology have been developed mainly within the symbolic, theoretical and resources framework of social policies (Alfaro, 2012). This relationship has been characterized by a tension between neoliberal public policy models and the ethical-political dimensions of Community Psychology. This research analyzes the content of the stories that professionals who work in social policy programs in Chile build about the tensions that arise between their work, social policies and the principles of Community Psychology. We interviewed ten community psychologists, who have between 2 and 26 years of experience working in institutions that execute social policies. It is reported that the tension in professional work in public policy is expressed in the degree of autonomy granted by the work spaces, the professional dispute of their work in public policy and the personal consequences of professional tensions
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present results from the third stage of an investigation called "Ethics and Politics: Dimensions Forgotten in Community Psychology?", where he reflects on the rights of communities participating in community interventions.
Abstract: This article presents results from the third stage of an investigation called "Ethics and Politics: Dimensions forgotten in Community Psychology?", where he reflects on the rights of communities participating in community interventions. A qualitative methodology was used and applied techniques as focus groups and interviews with users of social programs of different nature. As a result a list of rights of the community that can be summarized in was developed: right to clear and transparent information; right to participation and decision making; right to respect and recognition of the community; right to autonomy of the community; right to receive quality interventions.
3 citations
31 Dec 2019
TL;DR: In this article, a survey of 247 adults living in Chile, residentes of regiones Metropolitana and Valparaíso, was conducted, with the goal of conocer the percepción ciudadana en torno a la inclusión del liderazgo in planes, programas, and proyectos de políticas públicas.
Abstract: La psicología comunitaria aborda el liderazgo desde una perspectiva crítica, relevando su potencial transformador de la realidad social, en el marco de los procesos de asociatividad e intercambio social. Con el objetivo de conocer la percepción ciudadana en torno a la inclusión del liderazgo en planes, programas y proyectos de políticas públicas en Chile, durante el año 2017, elaboramos y aplicamos un cuestionario a una muestra de 247 personas entre 20 y 75 años, residentes de las regiones Metropolitana y de Valparaíso. Su objetivo fue conocer la percepción con base en las representaciones, significados y valoración del liderazgo implementados en las políticas públicas actuales. El análisis de los datos cuantitativos incluyó uso de estadísticos descriptivos y, para los cualitativos, se trabajó con los lineamientos de la teoría del núcleo central de las representaciones sociales. Los resultados muestran un escaso reconocimiento de la inclusión del tema del liderazgo en la política pública. Se observaron significados y valoraciones asociadas a un liderazgo de tipo grupal y horizontal, mientras que sus representaciones son fundamentalmente de tipo individual. Se discute la posibilidad de construir nuevas miradas del liderazgo desde la política pública, potenciándolo como un proceso colectivo y transformador. Palabras clave: liderazgo comunitario, políticas públicas, percepción ciudadana, representaciones sociales.
2 citations
References
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12 Jan 1994
TL;DR: This book presents a step-by-step guide to making the research results presented in reports, slideshows, posters, and data visualizations more interesting, and describes how coding initiates qualitative data analysis.
Abstract: Matthew B. Miles, Qualitative Data Analysis A Methods Sourcebook, Third Edition. The Third Edition of Miles & Huberman's classic research methods text is updated and streamlined by Johnny Saldana, author of The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers. Several of the data display strategies from previous editions are now presented in re-envisioned and reorganized formats to enhance reader accessibility and comprehension. The Third Edition's presentation of the fundamentals of research design and data management is followed by five distinct methods of analysis: exploring, describing, ordering, explaining, and predicting. Miles and Huberman's original research studies are profiled and accompanied with new examples from Saldana's recent qualitative work. The book's most celebrated chapter, "Drawing and Verifying Conclusions," is retained and revised, and the chapter on report writing has been greatly expanded, and is now called "Writing About Qualitative Research." Comprehensive and authoritative, Qualitative Data Analysis has been elegantly revised for a new generation of qualitative researchers. Johnny Saldana, The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers, Second Edition. The Second Edition of Johnny Saldana's international bestseller provides an in-depth guide to the multiple approaches available for coding qualitative data. Fully up-to-date, it includes new chapters, more coding techniques and an additional glossary. Clear, practical and authoritative, the book: describes how coding initiates qualitative data analysis; demonstrates the writing of analytic memos; discusses available analytic software; suggests how best to use the book for particular studies. In total, 32 coding methods are profiled that can be applied to a range of research genres from grounded theory to phenomenology to narrative inquiry. For each approach, Saldana discusses the method's origins, a description of the method, practical applications, and a clearly illustrated example with analytic follow-up. A unique and invaluable reference for students, teachers, and practitioners of qualitative inquiry, this book is essential reading across the social sciences. Stephanie D. H. Evergreen, Presenting Data Effectively Communicating Your Findings for Maximum Impact. This is a step-by-step guide to making the research results presented in reports, slideshows, posters, and data visualizations more interesting. Written in an easy, accessible manner, Presenting Data Effectively provides guiding principles for designing data presentations so that they are more likely to be heard, remembered, and used. The guidance in the book stems from the author's extensive study of research reporting, a solid review of the literature in graphic design and related fields, and the input of a panel of graphic design experts. Those concepts are then translated into language relevant to students, researchers, evaluators, and non-profit workers - anyone in a position to have to report on data to an outside audience. The book guides the reader through design choices related to four primary areas: graphics, type, color, and arrangement. As a result, readers can present data more effectively, with the clarity and professionalism that best represents their work.
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01 Jan 1967
TL;DR: In this paper, the discovery of grounded theory is discussed and grounded theory can be found in the form of a grounded theory discovery problem, where the root cause of the problem is identified.
Abstract: The discovery of grounded theory , The discovery of grounded theory , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
22,245 citations
TL;DR: A special issue of the American Journal of Community Psychology (AJCP) as discussed by the authors focused on qualitative research is the result of several converging factors, including an interest in elaborating the nature of qualitative research (i.e., a set of research techniques vs. a paradigmatically distinct way of thinking about, doing, and making use of research), a general sense of agreement that qualitative research methodologies remain greatly underutilized within the field of community psychology, and a shared experience of marginalization among psychologists and graduate students in community psychology who have chosen to employ qualitative rather than
Abstract: This special issue of the American Journal of Community Psychology, focused on qualitative research, is the result of several converging factors. Most immediately, the idea for the special issue was born in the wake of a symposium on "Qualitative Research in Community Psychology" held during the 1995 Biennial Meeting of the Society for Community Research and Action, in Chicago. Despite an early-morning time slot on the final day of the conference, the response to the symposium was tremendous. The room was filled to overflow, and the enthusiasm of those in attendance was evident in the lively discussion that followed the formal presentations. Several themes emerged during the symposium, including (a) an interest in elaborating the nature of qualitative research (i.e., a set of research techniques vs. a paradigmatically distinct way of thinking about, doing, and making use of research), (b) a general sense of agreement that qualitative research methodologies remain greatly underutilized within the field of community psychology, and (c) a shared experience of marginalization among psychologists and graduate students in community psychology who have chosen to employ qualitative rather than, or in addition to, quantitative research strategies in their research. Unfortunately, the discussion of these issues was cut short by the constraints of the time allotted for the
184 citations
TL;DR: The hallmark of the welfare state is the extension of social rights to the most vulnerable, a cause historically championed by nonprofit human-service organizations as discussed by the authors. But with the rise of neoliberalism, these rights are threatened.
Abstract: The hallmark of the welfare state is the extension of social rights to the most vulnerable, a cause historically championed by nonprofit human-service organizations. With the rise of neoliberalism, these rights are threatened. This article attempts to show how the institutional, economic, and political environment of the nonprofit human-service sector is reshaped by a neoliberal ideology that celebrates market fundamentalism. The ideology institutionalizes such rules and practices as new public management, devolution, and privatization of services. Those elements shift the political discourse about the rights of the most vulnerable from the national to the local level. By turning vulnerable citizens into consumers, the ideology also reduces the national visibility of their needs. Most importantly, neoliberalism dampens the sector’s motivation to challenge the state and greatly curtails its historical mission to advocate and mobilize for social rights.
177 citations
TL;DR: A framework to describe the process of conducting community-based qualitative research is presented as a series of interrelated acts called asking, witnessing, interpreting, and knowing to help community researchers to more fully conceptualize, understand, and engage in the practice of qualitative research.
Abstract: We present a framework to describe the process of conducting community-based qualitative research. Qualitative research activities are presented as a series of interrelated acts called asking, witnessing, interpreting, and knowing. Each act in the research process is described in terms of current qualitative research practices, and illustrated with examples from our own research projects on families with schizophrenia and men's mutual support and batterer intervention groups. We critically examine the assumption that qualitative research serves to reveal or amplify the voices of participants. We examine connections between qualitative research and social change and describe the use of qualitative research to not only empower marginalized groups, but also to critique and transform privileged groups. The framework is intended to help community researchers to more fully conceptualize, understand, and engage in the practice of qualitative research.
152 citations