Demand side management proposed algorithm for cost and peak load optimization
20 Apr 2016-pp 1-5
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have proposed a load shifting algorithm for flexible devices in the smart grid based on Demand Side Management (DSM) technique to minimize the gap between peak load and the average load which results in higher per unit cost.
Abstract: The electrical energy cannot be stored in large scale because we have no resource to store it in bulk. It has to be produced, transmitted, distributed and used instantly. However the nature of the load is variable with respect to time. The power generating plants are designed for maximum demand. It means the gap between peak load and the average load is high which results in greater per unit cost. The peak load increases suddenly in peak hours so we need to install large power generating plants to meet peak demand. It is not possible for developing countries to install such large power generating units due to limited financial resources. The proposed solution of this problem is Demand Side Management (DSM) technique. In Demand Side Management (DSM) technique the load is shifted to off peak hours which results in financial benefit to residential customers. DSM is an important part of Smart Grid (SG) which is used to shift load to off peak timings as well as reshape load curve. As a result, importance of SG increases and there is a decrease in per unit energy cost. However this research thesis revolves around DSM load shifting techniques for only flexible devices. The flexible devices should be shifted to off peak period. “The Day Ahead Shifting” technique is proposed in this research thesis to minimize the above said problem significantly. Mathematical modelling and simulation in this research thesis are based on residential load during the spring season in Pakistan. This algorithm is developed in Matlab software. The findings of this thesis suggest that DSM approach attains significant energy savings and objective curve.
Citations
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TL;DR: From this study, it is concluded that the proposed combination of algorithm and SCADA system increase the system’s reliability and power consistency significantly.
14 citations
Cites methods from "Demand side management proposed alg..."
...Ali et al. (2016), uses DSM by considering he gap between the peak load and average load by shifting the oad of peak hours, but this scheme requires a day ahead load preiction....
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01 Jun 2018
TL;DR: An algorithm to reduce the complications faced by such unpredictable situation in microgrids using short term load forecasting and load optimization method, having consumers data (accepted) as input is proposed.
Abstract: The demand to supply proportion of power is highly misinterpreted and misconceived in many developed countries and its importance becomes vital when there is a heavy negative drift from the supply end. This phenomenon becomes adverse during prime hours and can have a severe impact on microgrid. The rhythmic growth in peak demand has increased the probability of power failures, blackouts and marginal cost of supply. This immeasurable fluctuation in the energy consumption rate has led to a considerable increase in the operational cost of grid. The after affects might be even more phenomenal in case of microgrids. The load optimization and forecasting helps grid to operate in a optimal way. This paper proposes an algorithm to reduce the complications faced by such unpredictable situation in microgrids using short term load forecasting and load optimization method, having consumers data (accepted)as input.
10 citations
TL;DR: A state-of-the-art review of different dispatch problems and the nature of the objective functions involved in them is provided and the major constraints associated with each optimization function are highlighted.
Abstract: Increasing power demands require multiple generating units interconnected with each other to maintain the power balance of the system. This results in a highly dense power system consisting of multiple generating units which coordinate with each other to maintain the balanced performance of the system. Among different energy sources, the thermal source, the hydro energy source, the photovoltaic system, and the wind energy source are the most popular ones. Researchers have developed several optimization problems in the literature known as dispatch problems to model the system consisting of these different types of energy sources. The constraints for each system depend upon the generation type and the nature of the objective functions involved. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review of different dispatch problems and the nature of the objective functions involved in them and highlights the major constraints associated with each optimization function.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors provide an extensive survey on defense mechanisms that can be used to detect these types of cyberattacks and mitigate the associated risks and future research directions are also provided in the paper for efficient detection and prevention of such cyberattacks.
Abstract: Smart grid is an emerging system providing many benefits in digitizing the traditional power distribution systems. However, the added benefits of digitization and the use of the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in smart grids also poses threats to its reliable continuous operation due to cyberattacks. Cyber–physical smart grid systems must be secured against increasing security threats and attacks. The most widely studied attacks in smart grids are false data injection attacks (FDIA), denial of service, distributed denial of service (DDoS), and spoofing attacks. These cyberattacks can jeopardize the smooth operation of a smart grid and result in considerable economic losses, equipment damages, and malicious control. This paper focuses on providing an extensive survey on defense mechanisms that can be used to detect these types of cyberattacks and mitigate the associated risks. The future research directions are also provided in the paper for efficient detection and prevention of such cyberattacks.
8 citations
01 Aug 2017
TL;DR: Results have been analyzed which shows reduction in network congestion, improvement in power factor, reduction in cost, improvement of peak to average ratio and thus improve unbalance in grid.
Abstract: Modern power grid, includes new features like smart grid distributed generations and energy congestion concepts. These features are very useful in overall energy savings and thus can cut many expenses linked with new power plants etc. Among this technique, Demand side management provides cost free method for energy conservation by shifting load to off peak period from peak period. In this work, the implementation of efficient algorithm for Demand side management on MATLAB and various case studies have been presented. The program is exercised on CGPIT, MALIBA CAMPUS, UTU, Bardoli college by shifting its controllable loads over 16 hours and results have been analyzed which shows reduction in network congestion, improvement in power factor, reduction in cost, improvement of peak to average ratio and thus improve unbalance in grid.
3 citations
Cites background or methods from "Demand side management proposed alg..."
...In DSM, controllable load is used to load shifting at peak hour to off peak hour by priority list for reducing cost and energy efficient, so controllable load can also useful for maintaining power system security (1) and network congestion in centralize and decentralize market....
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...Three types of DSM method are used in centralize and decentralize market....
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...Strategies and Methods based on load shifting and load curtailment as seen in (2),(3),(4)....
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...Time of used DSM (2) Day ahead scheduling perform load shifting by a time of use pricing....
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...Real time pricing (2) Real time scheduling performs load shifting access hourly bases pricing....
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References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that increasing the short-run price elasticity of the demand for electrical energy would improve the operation of electricity markets, however, that enhancing this elasticity is not an easy task.
Abstract: This tutorial paper discusses some aspects of electricity markets from the perspective of the demand-side. It argues that increasing the short-run price elasticity of the demand for electrical energy would improve the operation of these markets. It shows, however, that enhancing this elasticity is not an easy task. The tools that consumers and retailers of electrical energy need to participate more actively and effectively in electricity markets are discussed. The paper also describes how consumers of electricity can take part in the provision of power system security.
807 citations
"Demand side management proposed alg..." refers background in this paper
...All consumers are required to Shift only flexible load to off peak hour from peak hours [6]....
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TL;DR: An algorithm for scheduling the load control using dynamic programming is presented, based on an analytic dynamic model of the load under control, which can be used for different utility objectives, including minimizing production cost and minimizing peak load over a period of time.
Abstract: Many utilities have load management programs whereby they directly control residential appliances in their service area. An algorithm for scheduling the load control using dynamic programming is presented. This method is based on an analytic dynamic model of the load under control. The method can be used for different utility objectives, including minimizing production cost and minimizing peak load over a period of time. >
166 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an efficient technique to model the system load such that the impact of demand-side management (DSM) on the power system can be easily and accurately evaluated.
Abstract: The authors present an efficient technique to model the system load such that the impact of demand-side management (DSM) on the power system can be easily and accurately evaluated. The main objective of implementing DSM in power systems is to change the utility's load shape, i.e., changes in the time pattern and magnitude of the utility's load. Changing the load shape as a result of demand side activities could change the peak load, base load and/or energy demand. Those three variables have to be explicitly modeled into the load curve for properly representing the effects of DSM. The impact of DSM will be manifested as higher or lower reliability levels. The proposed technique to model the load duration curve will facilitate the representation of DSM effects on loss-of-load probability, energy not served, and energy consumption. This will provide an analytical method to study the impact of DSM on capacity requirements. So far iterative methods have been applied to study these effects. The proposed analytical method results in a faster solution with higher accuracy. It takes only 18 s on an 80486 PC to solve each case study involving different peak and base loads, and energy use. >
91 citations
01 Oct 2006
TL;DR: A multi-object TOU price decision model based on the demand side price response model is presented, and a fuzzy method is used to deal with this multiple objects model.
Abstract: In China, the electricity shortage is a serious problem especially in the east. Inducing the demand side and implementing demand side management (DSM) is an important way to solve the electricity shortage. It is good to development of the Chinese power market. Time of use (TOU) is one of the important DSM methods. Through TOU the demand side will respond to the price, and will change the shape of the demand curve. Thus the load condition will be improved. The key of implementing TOU is reasonable setting TOU price. Based on the analysis on historical load data, a multi-object TOU price decision model based on the demand side price response model is presented, and a fuzzy method is used to deal with this multiple objects model. The linear programming method is used to solve the problem. The data of a practical customer is used to test the feasibility of the proposed model.
60 citations
"Demand side management proposed alg..." refers background in this paper
...Time of use the most valuable demand side management system to control the price at consumer side and encourage to reduce load during peak hour and Shift to off peak hours [5]....
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21 Mar 2016
TL;DR: In this article, the introduction to smart grids is given as an overview, which allows integration of any type and any scale generation sources to the grid that reduces the workforce targeting sustainable, reliable, safe and quality electricity to all consumers.
Abstract: Smart grid can be defined as self-sufficient systems, which allows integration of any type and any scale generation sources to the grid that reduces the workforce targeting sustainable, reliable, safe and quality electricity to all consumers. Associations of initial studies for the next step in smart grid applications will provide an economical benefit for the authorities in the long term, and will help to establish standards to be compatible with every application. So that all smart grid applications can be coordinated under the control of same authorities. Even though these technological application studies constitute an initial step for the structure of the smart grid, they have not been fully accomplished in many countries. In this study, the introduction to smart grids is given as an overview.
52 citations