Design and Development Research
01 Jan 2014-pp 141-150
TL;DR: This chapter focuses on design and development research, a type of inquiry unique to the instructional design and technology field dedicated to the creation of new knowledge and the validation of existing practice.
Abstract: This chapter focuses on design and development research, a type of inquiry unique to the instructional design and technology field dedicated to the creation of new knowledge and the validation of existing practice. We first define this kind of research and provide an overview of its two main categories—research on products and tools and research on design and development models. Then, we concentrate on recent design and development research (DDR) by describing 11 studies published in the literature. The five product and tool studies reviewed include research on comprehensive development projects, studies of particular design and development phases, and research on tool development and use. The six model studies reviewed include research leading to new or enhanced ID models, model validation and model use research. Finally, we summarize this new work in terms of the problems it addresses, the settings and participants examined, the research methodologies employed used, and the role evaluation plays in these studies.
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TL;DR: In this article, the Tobin's q is used to explain both physical and intangible investment, and the authors show that it is a better proxy for both physical investment and intangible capital.
Abstract: The neoclassical theory of investment has mainly been tested with physical investment, but we show it also helps explain intangible investment At the firm level, Tobin's q explains physical and intangible investment roughly equally well, and it explains total investment even better Compared to physical capital, intangible capital adjusts more slowly to changes in investment opportunities The classic q theory performs better in firms and years with more intangible capital: Total and even physical investment are better explained by Tobin's q and are less sensitive to cash flow At the macro level, Tobin's q explains intangible investment many times better than physical investment We propose a simple, new Tobin's q proxy that accounts for intangible capital, and we show that it is a superior proxy for both physical and intangible investment opportunities
465 citations
TL;DR: A FL design model for higher education that could systematically guide instructors or designers in creating an appropriate blend of individualized online lectures and collaborative face-to-face learning activities is developed.
Abstract: In response to pedagogical challenges in higher education, blended learning has become a prevalent practice in colleges and universities. Flipped learning (FL) represents a newly emerging form of blended learning, where students individually watch online lectures prior to class and then engage in classroom learning activities interacting with peers and instructors. Although the conceptual framework of FL may be intuitively appealing, its design and implementation involve considerable intricacy. The purpose of this study was to develop a FL design model for higher education that could systematically guide instructors or designers in creating an appropriate blend of individualized online lectures and collaborative face-to-face learning activities. Using an established method for model development research, a theoretically constructed initial model was iteratively improved and underwent internal and external validation through model usability tests, expert review, and field evaluation. The implementation of an algebra class in a Korean university designed by the final model resulted in significant increases in the maturity of mathematical views, quality of reflections, and satisfactions of students. Features of the model are discussed, along with theoretical and practical implications and suggestions for further research.
174 citations
Cites background or methods from "Design and Development Research"
...…role External feature design After activity; ground rule; culture 434 J. Lee et al. followed the research methodology for model development and model validation explicated by Richey and Klein (2007), who noted that ID models may be developed through theoretical or practical means, or both....
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...Questions that might be asked in the course of an external validation include: ‘‘To what extent does the resulting instruction meet learner needs, motivate learners, or satisfy clients?’’ or ‘‘To what extent do changes occur in the learners’ or organization’s performance or learning?’’ (Richey 2005; Richey and Klein 2007)....
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...(Richey 2005; Richey and Klein 2007)....
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...Internal model validation is a validation that addresses the integrity and its usefulness of a model (Richey and Klein 2007)....
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TL;DR: A survey of the empirical literature on tax-motivated income shifting within multinational firms can be found in this paper, where the authors provide a framework within which to conceptualize this magnitude and its implications for policy.
Abstract: The issue of tax-motivated income shifting within multinational firms – or “base erosion and profit shifting” (BEPS) – has attracted increasing global attention in recent years. This paper provides a survey of the empirical literature on this topic. Its emphasis is on reviewing and elucidating what is known about the magnitude of BEPS. The paper discusses different empirical approaches to identifying income shifting, describes existing data sources, and summarizes the findings of the empirical literature. A major theme that emerges from this survey is that in the more recent empirical literature, which uses new and richer sources of data, the estimated magnitude of BEPS is typically much smaller than that found in earlier studies. The paper seeks to provide a framework within which to conceptualize this magnitude and its implications for policy. It concludes by highlighting the importance of existing legal and economic frictions as constraints on BEPS, and by discussing possible ways in which future research might model these frictions more precisely.
130 citations
29 May 2013
TL;DR: The use of two separate networks on chip, where one network is optimized for bandwidth and the other for latency, and the steering of applications to the appropriate network is proposed, to provide significant energy savings and performance improvements across a variety of workloads.
Abstract: Current network-on-chip designs in chip-multiprocessors are agnostic to application requirements and hence are provisioned for the general case, leading to wasted energy and performance. We observe that applications can generally be classified as either network bandwidth-sensitive or latency-sensitive. We propose the use of two separate networks on chip, where one network is optimized for bandwidth and the other for latency, and the steering of applications to the appropriate network. We further observe that not all bandwidth (latency) sensitive applications are equally sensitive to network bandwidth (latency). Hence, within each network, we prioritize packets based on the relative sensitivity of the applications they belong to. We introduce two metrics, network episode height and length, as proxies to estimate bandwidth and latency sensitivity, to classify and rank applications. Our evaluations show that the resulting heterogeneous two-network design can provide significant energy savings and performance improvements across a variety of workloads compared to a single one-size-fits-all single network and homogeneous multiple networks.
77 citations
TL;DR: The evolution of VA primary care delivery for women veterans is described, VA policy for delivering gender-sensitive comprehensive primary care for women is reviewed, and the challenges that women veterans’ needs pose are discussed in the context of PACT implementation.
Abstract: The Veterans Health Administration (VA) has undertaken a major initiative to transform primary care delivery through implementation of Patient Aligned Care Teams (PACTs). Based on the patient-centered medical home concept, PACTs aim to improve access, continuity, coordination, and comprehensiveness using team-based care that is patient driven and patient centered. However, how PACT principles should be applied to meet the needs of special populations, including women veterans, is not entirely clear. While historical differences in military participation meant women veterans were rarely seen in VA healthcare settings, they now represent the fastest growing segment of new VA users. They also have complex healthcare needs, adding gender-specific services and other needs to the spectrum of services that the VA must deliver. These trends are changing the VA landscape, introducing challenges to how VA care is organized, how VA providers need to be trained, and how VA considers implementation of new initiatives, such as PACT. We briefly describe the evolution of VA primary care delivery for women veterans, review VA policy for delivering gender-sensitive comprehensive primary care for women, and discuss the challenges that women veterans’ needs pose in the context of PACT implementation. We conclude with recommendations for addressing some of these challenges moving forward.
69 citations
References
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TL;DR: The ten-year edition of the 10th anniversary edition as mentioned in this paper is devoted to the theory of multiple intelligences and its application in the socialization of human intelligence through Symbols Implications And Applications.
Abstract: * Introduction to the Tenth Anniversary Edition Background * The Idea of Multiple Intelligences * Intelligence: Earlier Views * Biological Foundations of Intelligence * What Is an Intelligence? The Theory * Linguistic Intelligence * Musical Intelligence * Logical-Mathematical Intelligence * Spatial Intelligence * Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence * The Personal Intelligences * A Critique of the Theory of Multiple Intelligences * The Socialization of Human Intelligences through Symbols Implications And Applications * The Education of Intelligences * The Application of Intelligences
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Book•
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: The Tenth Anniversary Edition of Intelligence explains the development of intelligence in the 21st Century through the applications of language, linguistics, mathematics, and more.
Abstract: * Introduction to the Tenth Anniversary Edition Background * The Idea of Multiple Intelligences * Intelligence: Earlier Views * Biological Foundations of Intelligence * What Is an Intelligence? The Theory * Linguistic Intelligence * Musical Intelligence * Logical-Mathematical Intelligence * Spatial Intelligence * Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence * The Personal Intelligences * A Critique of the Theory of Multiple Intelligences * The Socialization of Human Intelligences through Symbols Implications And Applications * The Education of Intelligences * The Application of Intelligences
9,611 citations
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: This new edition of The Systematic Design of Instruction, 8/e has retained the features that have been most popular and helpful in the previous editions, while adding new perspectives and features that keep the text current.
3,084 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an introduction to the instructor's role in the development of Instructional Design and Assessment Instruments, as well as developing an Instructional Strategy and developing Instructional Materials.
Abstract: Preface To the Instructor Chapter 1: Introduction to Instructional Design Chapter 2: Identifying Instructional Goals Using Front-End Analysis Chapter 3: Conducting a Goal Analysis Chapter 4: Identifying Subordinate and Entry Skills Chapter 5: Analyzing Learners and Contexts Chapter 6: Writing Performance Objectives Chapter 7: Developing Assessment Instruments Chapter 8: Developing an Instructional Strategy Chapter 9: Developing Instructional Materials Chapter 10: Designing and Conducting Formative Evalutations Chapter 11: Revising Instructional Materials Chapter 12: Designing and Conducting Summative Evaluations Glossary of Terms Index
2,614 citations