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Journal ArticleDOI

Design and Performance of a High Momentum, High Luminosity Spectrometer for Particle Analysis

01 May 1965-Review of Scientific Instruments (American Institute of Physics)-Vol. 36, Iss: 5, pp 607-610
TL;DR: In this article, a 90° bend n=0 magnetic spectrometer has been constructed which uses curved field boundaries to achieve second order correction of the focal properties and to make the image plane normal to the emerging particles.
Abstract: A 90° bend n=0 magnetic spectrometer has been constructed which uses curved field boundaries to achieve second order correction of the focal properties and to make the image plane normal to the emerging particles. The spectrometer has a 112 cm radius of curvature and a maximum momentum capability of 725 MeV/c. The window frame yoke, with sloping edge profiles to minimize edge saturation, enables the focal properties to remain invariant up to 21 kG. The solid angle acceptance is 8×10−3 sr with 0.1% resolution and the maximum momentum acceptance is ±5%.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a magic-angle double-focusing spectrometer was used for electron scattering experiments with the Amsterdam 85 MeV linear electron accelerator and permits high resolution measurements at a large solid angle (6 mster).

17 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A 1.6 GeV/c spectrometer was constructed at SLAC incorporating an n = 0, 90° bend, 254 cm radius magnet with second-order corrections as mentioned in this paper.

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental system has been developed in which momentum exchange between laser light and relativistic electrons is achieved using the stimulated Cerenkov interaction within a gas which retards the phase velocity of the light wave in order to allow wavevector matching with the electron velocity.
Abstract: An experimental system has been developed in which momentum exchange between laser light and relativistic electrons is achieved using the stimulated Cerenkov interaction. The interaction occurs within a gas which retards the phase velocity of the light wave in order to allow wavevector matching with the electron velocity. Light at 1.06 μm from a 30‐MW Nd:YAG laser intersects 50–100 MeV electrons at angles of 17–18 mrad in hydrogen or methane gases. A spectrometer magnet and scintillation detector system verifies the change of the electron beam energy spectrum in the presence of the laser and as a function of the refractive index of the gases. The electron beam transport, laser, gas cell, and detector systems are described. Experimental data obtained using this system are also given. Possible applications of this work include optical klystrons and laser‐driven particle accelerators.

1 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A broad range magnetic spectrograph for precise measurement of the energies and intensities of charged particles from nuclear reactions is described in this paper, where a uniform magnetic field with a circular boundary focuses particles from a source outside the field along a hyperbolic focal surface.
Abstract: A broad‐range magnetic spectrograph for precise measurement of the energies and intensities of charged particles from nuclear reactions is described. A uniform magnetic field with a circular boundary focuses particles from a source outside the field along a hyperbolic focal surface. Particles with energies varying by as much as a factor of 2.5 may be simultaneously recorded on nuclear‐track plates. Under routine operating conditions, an energy resolution of better than 1000 is obtained over the length of the focal surface. The design, construction, testing, and operation of the spectrograph are described, and plots of dispersion, magnification, aberration, and calibration are given.

130 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the first and second order matrix equations for the magnetic optics of the midplane of uniform-field wedge magnets have been derived and a second-order matrix algebra has been developed to handle beam transport optics for multiple element systems in a manner similar to that which has been used in the past for the first-order beam transport optic.
Abstract: The first‐ and second‐order matrix equations for the magnetic optics of the midplane of uniform‐field wedge magnets have been derived. The calculations include rotated input and output wedges and curved surfaces on the input and output faces. A second‐order matrix algebra has been developed to handle beam transport optics for multiple element systems in a manner similar to that which has been used in the past for the first‐order beam transport optics.

97 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a geometric focusing in two directions for charged particles of a single energy is produced with a wedge-shaped magnetic field, where the uniform field in the gap focuses in the plane of the pole faces, while the fringe fields focus perpendicular to the poles faces.
Abstract: Geometric focusing in two directions for charged particles of a single energy is produced with a wedge‐shaped magnetic field. The uniform field in the gap focuses in the plane of the pole faces, while the fringe fields focus perpendicular to the pole faces. With a single wedge the energy dispersion is too large for the weak electron intensities available with our source; i.e., for are asonable size slit at the collector only a narrow energy width and, thus, a small number of electrons is accepted. With the use of two wedge‐shaped fields the energy dispersion can take a wide range of values, even zero in the first order. General formulas for either one or two magnet systems are derived for the focusing conditions, the energy dispersion, the second‐order beam spread, and the effect of source width. These formulas are then applied to two special cases from which practically all design requirements can be obtained. Finally, a design is recommended for which the following requirements are fulfilled : five percent energy spread in an inch collector slit, large angular collection, and the same size source and collector slits.

57 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A double‐focusing magnetic spectrometer for detecting and analyzing charged particles from nuclear reactions is described and applications to the study of the energy and yield of nuclear reaction products are discussed.
Abstract: A double‐focusing magnetic spectrometer for detecting and analyzing charged particles from nuclear reactions is described. The magnetic field, varying as r^(−½) near an average radius of 10.5 in., extends over a semicircle yielding object and anastigmatic image positions some distance outside of the region of strong field. The acceptance solid angle is Ω=0.0061 sterad. and the momentum resolution with an 8‐mm slit at the detector is R=128. The ultimate resolution determined by spherical aberration and some residual astigmatism is about 1000. Applications to the study of the energy and yield of nuclear reaction products are discussed.

41 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a double focusing zero dispersion magnetic spectrometer has been constructed, which consists of two magnets, each n≅0.25, 110° deflection, 30-in. radius of curvature, bending the particles in the same sense.
Abstract: A double focusing zero dispersion magnetic spectrometer has been constructed having the following properties: The spectrometer consists of two magnets, each n≅0.25, 110° deflection, 30-in. radius of curvature, bending the particles in the same sense. For the central momentum p0, the useful solid angle Ω0 is ∼0.0055 sr with a possibility of improvement to 0.01 sr. The momentum acceptance Δp is in excess of ±4% with a useful solid angle Ω of ∼0.0015 sr at the 4% points. For a point source and for the solid angles and momentum acceptances given, over 90% of the trajectories terminate within a circle of 2-in. diameter at the focal plane.

16 citations