Design and performance of modularized NaI(Tl) detectors with rectangular crystal elements: An array of 49 and the crystal box
15 Feb 1988-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment (North-Holland)-Vol. 264, pp 263-284
TL;DR: An array of 49 NaI(Tl) modules each 20 inch in depth and 2.5 inch in cross section has been constructed and its properties, especially energy resolution, explored for positrons in the range 20 MeV − 18 GeV as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: An array of 49 NaI(Tl) modules each 20 inch in depth and 2.5 inch × 2.5 inch in cross section has been constructed and its properties, especially energy resolution, explored for positrons in the range 20 MeV – 18 GeV. A subsequent much larger detector, the Crystal Box, has also been constructed from 396 modules of the same cross section, but mostly 12 inch in depth, and operated as a γ-ray and positron detector in a search for rare muon decays. The calibration procedure used for the Crystal Box and its characteristic resolutions in energy, impact point and time are described.
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TL;DR: In this paper, recent progress in crystal growth technology is described for typical alkali (alkali-earth) halide and oxide scintillation crystals such as NaI:Tl, CsI: Tl, Bismuth germanate (BGO), Bi4Ge3O12, Cadmium tungstate (CWO), CdWO4, and cerium-doped gadolinium silicate (GSO:Ce).
153 citations
TL;DR: In this article, total cross sections, angular, and mass distributions for the reaction {pi}{sup {minus} (lab)=7--140 MeV/{ital c} above threshold.
Abstract: Total cross sections, angular, and mass distributions for the reaction {pi}{sup {minus}}{ital p}{r arrow}{pi}{sup 0}{pi}{sup 0}{ital n} have been measured for {ital p}{sub {pi}}{sup {minus}}(lab)=7--140 MeV/{ital c} above threshold. The threshold amplitude was used to determine a value for the chiral-symmetry-breaking parameter, {xi}, of {minus}0.98{plus minus}0.52. The {pi}{pi} scattering lengths {ital a}{sub {ital I}} for isospin {ital I}=0 and 2 are derived from this result, together with a current-algebra sum rule. The results are {ital a}{sub 0}=(0.207{plus minus}0.028){ital m}{sub {pi}}{sup {minus}1} and {ital a}{sub 2}=({minus}0.022{plus minus}0.011){ital m}{sub {pi}}{sup {minus}1}. These values are consistent with chiral symmetry broken by the Weinberg {pi}{pi} interaction and the effects of the {ital f}{sub 0}(975) scalar meson.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a summary of recent experimental and theoretical developments in weak radiative hyperon decays is given, as well as data and new results from Brookhaven experiment E811, the first high statistics measurement of the branching ratio for the Λ strong radiative decay.
6 citations
01 Jan 2006
Abstract: 3 Dedication 4 Acknowledgments 5 List of Figures 9 List of Tables 11
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the weak radiative decay branching ratio was measured at Brookhaven National Laboratory using a low-energy separated K€�− beam stopping in liquid hydrogen, and the result was (2.81±0.39€� −0.21€� )×10−3, which was consistent with previous measurements.
Abstract: We have measured the weak radiative decay branching ratio (∑
+ →pγ)/(∑
+ →pπ0). The experiment was carried out at Brookhaven National Laboratory using a low-energy separatedK
− beam stopping in liquid hydrogen. The∑
+ was tagged by observing the pion fromK
−
K
+
p→∑
+π− in a range telescope, and the gamma was detected in a segmented NaI detector. The result is (2.81±0.39
−0.43
+0.21
)×10−3, which is consistent with previous measurements. This corresponds to a branching ratio for (∑
+ →pγ)/(∑
+ → all) of (1.45±0.20
−0.22
+0.11
)×10−3, where the quoted errors are statistical and systematic, respectively. A total of 408 signal events were observed, doubling the previous world total.
3 citations
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TL;DR: This Letter reports a new experimental search for the family-number-nonconserving decay ..mu../sup +/ ..-->.. e/Sup +/..gamma... There is no evidence for the presence of this decay mode.
Abstract: This Letter reports a new experimental search for the family-number-nonconserving decay ..mu../sup +/ ..-->.. e/sup +/..gamma... There is no evidence for the presence of this decay mode. The upper limit for the branching ratio is GAMMA(..mu.. ..-->.. e..gamma..)/GAMMA(..mu.. ..-->.. enu anti nu) < 4.9 x 10/sup -11/ (90% C.L.). 13 refs., 3 figs.
33 citations
22 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the branching ratio of B/sub mu3e/m3e was investigated and eleven such events were observed, all of which agree in number and spectra with expectations based on standard electroweak theory.
Abstract: A search has been performed for the muon-number--violating decay ..mu -->..e/sup +/e/sup +/e/sup -/. No candidate event has been found, the result yielding an upper limit for the branching ratio of B/sub mu3e/ ..e/sup +/e/sup +/e/sup -/..nu../sub e/nu-bar/sub ..mu../ events, eleven such events were observed. They agree in number and spectra with expectations based on standard electroweak theory.
18 citations
TL;DR: An array of 45 NaI(Tl) crystals modules, each in 20 in. in length and hexagonal in cross section with six 3 in. sides, has been operated as a detector of 50 MeV γ-rays in a search for the decay μ + →e + γ as mentioned in this paper.
16 citations