Design of an efficient mid-IR light source using chalcogenide holey fibers: a numerical study
TL;DR: In this paper, a highly nonlinear Holey fiber for making a mid-infrared light source at 4.36 µm was designed and a solid-core chalcogenide-based index-guided Holey microstructured optical fiber with circular air holes was exploited to numerically demonstrate wavelength translation via four-wave mixing.
Abstract: We report the design of a highly nonlinear holey fiber for making a mid-infrared light source at 4.36 μm. A solid-core chalcogenide-based index-guided holey microstructured optical fiber with circular air holes has been exploited to numerically demonstrate wavelength translation via four-wave mixing. We employ a thulium-doped fiber laser as the pump with a power of 5 W. Our simulations indicate that a maximum parametric gain of 20.5 dB with a bandwidth of 16 nm is achievable in this designed fiber, resulting in a power conversion efficiency of more than 17.6%.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a triangular core photonic crystal fiber in As 2 Se 3 -based chalcogenide glass with all normal, nearly zero flat-top dispersion has been proposed for supercontinuum generation.
34 citations
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TL;DR: Design of a mid-wave IR (MWIR) broad-band fiber-based light source exploiting degenerate four-wave mixing (D-FWM) in a meter long suitably designed highly nonlinear chalcogenide microstructured optical fiber (MOF) is reported.
Abstract: Design of a mid-wave IR (MWIR) broad-band fiber-based light source exploiting degenerate four-wave mixing (D-FWM) in a meter long suitably designed highly nonlinear (NL) chalcogenide microstructured optical fiber (MOF) is reported. This superior FWM bandwidth (BW) was obtained through precise tailoring of the fiber’s dispersion profile so as to realize positive quartic dispersion at the pump wavelength. We consider an Erbium (Er3+) - doped continuous wave (CW) ZBLAN fiber laser emitting at 2.8 μm as the pump source with an average power of 5 W. Amplification factor as high as 25 dB is achievable in the 3 – 3.9 μm spectral range with average power conversion efficiency > 32%.
30 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based on highly nonlinear chalcogenide material of As2S3 with the first air-hole ring replaced with borosilicate glasses was proposed.
Abstract: In this paper, we proposed a design of highly nonlinear all-normal dispersion photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based on highly nonlinear chalcogenide material of As2S3 with the first air-hole ring replaced with borosilicate glasses. The innovative design has a unique effective-index profile that can offer not only near-zero dispersion at the pumping wavelength but also zero dispersion slope for a wide wavelength range along with low leakage loss. Our numerical analysis establishes that the optimized design offers a high nonlinear coefficient as large as 1642 W−1 km−1 with a very small all-normal dispersion of −0.086 ps/nm/km around the wavelength of 2.80 μm designed by replacing the inner air-hole ring with borosilicate glasses in a PCF with As2S3 background. The optimized fiber demonstrates wideband supercontinuum generation in the infrared region with 20 dB bandwidth of 740 nm with an erbium (Er3+)-doped ZBLAN fiber laser emitting at 2.8 μm as the pump source with a peak power of 350 W with only a few centimeters of the optimized fiber and thereby reducing the propagation loss drastically.
29 citations
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TL;DR: An all-solid large mode-area (LMA) chalcogenide-based microstructured core optical fiber (MCOF) was designed and proposed for high power handling in the mid-IR spectral regime, covering the entire second transparency window of the atmosphere (3-5μm).
18 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a phase locking mechanism between the pump and the inhomogeneous portion of the third harmonic signal is proposed to enable near-infrared to ultraviolet frequency conversion in an As2S3-based metasurface.
Abstract: Chalcogenide photonics offers unique solutions for a broad range of applications from mid-infrared sensing to integrated, ultrafast, ultrahigh-bandwidth signal processing. However, to date its usage has been limited to the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum, thus avoiding ultraviolet and visible ranges due to absorption of chalcogenide glasses. Here, we experimentally demonstrate and report near-infrared to ultraviolet frequency conversion in an As2S3-based metasurface, enabled by a phase locking mechanism between the pump and the inhomogeneous portion of the third harmonic signal. Due to the phase locking, the inhomogeneous component co-propagates with the pump pulse and encounters the same effective dispersion as the infrared pump, and thus experiences little or no absorption, consequently opening previously unexploited spectral range for chalcogenide glass science and applications, despite the presence of strong material absorption in this range. The use of chalcogenide glass in optical science and applications at the UV frequencies has been so far hindered by its absorption in this spectral region. Here the authors demonstrate that a nanostructured chalcogenide glass can efficiently generate third harmonic radiation, leading to a strong UV light source at the nanoscale.
15 citations
References
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01 Jan 1989TL;DR: The field of nonlinear fiber optics has advanced enough that a whole book was devoted to it as discussed by the authors, which has been translated into Chinese, Japanese, and Russian languages, attesting to the worldwide activity in the field.
Abstract: Nonlinear fiber optics concerns with the nonlinear optical phenomena occurring inside optical fibers. Although the field ofnonlinear optics traces its beginning to 1961, when a ruby laser was first used to generate the second-harmonic radiation inside a crystal [1], the use ofoptical fibers as a nonlinear medium became feasible only after 1970 when fiber losses were reduced to below 20 dB/km [2]. Stimulated Raman and Brillouin scatterings in single-mode fibers were studied as early as 1972 [3] and were soon followed by the study of other nonlinear effects such as self- and crossphase modulation and four-wave mixing [4]. By 1989, the field ofnonlinear fiber optics has advanced enough that a whole book was devoted to it [5]. This book or its second edition has been translated into Chinese, Japanese, and Russian languages, attesting to the worldwide activity in the field of nonlinear fiber optics.
15,770 citations
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TL;DR: An effective-index model confirms that an all-silica optical fiber made by embedding a central core in a two-dimensional photonic crystal with a micrometer-spaced hexagonal array of air holes can be single mode for any wavelength.
Abstract: We made an all-silica optical fiber by embedding a central core in a two-dimensional photonic crystal with a micrometer-spaced hexagonal array of air holes. An effective-index model confirms that such a fiber can be single mode for any wavelength. Its useful single-mode range within the transparency window of silica, although wide, is ultimately bounded by a bend-loss edge at short wavelengths as well as at long wavelengths.
2,905 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review of chalcogenide glasses and the current status of their applications is given, and the possibilities of fabricating active devices, such as fiber amplifiers and lasers, are presented.
Abstract: A review of some properties of chalcogenide glasses and the current status of their applications is given. Techniques to characterize the linear and non-linear properties of these glasses are introduced and used to measure the optical constants of chalcogenide glasses in the form of bulk, thin film and fiber. Different techniques for the fabrication of gratings and waveguides in these glasses are described. Achievable efficiencies of gratings, as well as propagation losses of fabricated waveguides, are presented. The possibilities of fabricating active devices, such as fiber amplifiers and lasers, are presented. Finally, a novel application of chalcogenide glasses, namely all-optical switching for the fabrication of efficient femtosecond switches, is introduced.
1,001 citations
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TL;DR: Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) using continuum generation in an air-silica microstructure fiber as a low-coherence light source and imaging in biological tissue in vivo was demonstrated.
Abstract: We demonstrate ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) using continuum generation in an air–silica microstructure fiber as a low-coherence light source. A broadband OCT system was developed and imaging was performed with a bandwidth of 370 nm at a 1.3‐μm center wavelength. Longitudinal resolutions of 2.5 μm in air and ∼2 μm in tissue were achieved. Ultrahigh-resolution imaging in biological tissuein vivo was demonstrated.
956 citations
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TL;DR: A series of chalcogenide glasses from the As-S-Se system that is designed to have strong nonlinearities are synthesized and measurements reveal that many of these glasses offer optical Kerr non linearities greater than 400 times that of fused silica.
Abstract: We have synthesized a series of chalcogenide glasses from the As–S–Se system that is designed to have strong nonlinearities. Measurements reveal that many of these glasses offer optical Kerr nonlinearities greater than 400 times that of fused silica at 1.25 and 1.55 µm and figures of merit for all-optical switching greater than 5 at 1.55 µm.
411 citations