Design of CaO–SiO2–CaF2 and CaO–SiO2–Al2O3 Based Submerged Arc Fluxes for Series of Bead on Plate Pipeline Steel Welds—Effect on Carbon and Manganese Content, Grain Size and Microhardness
01 Jun 2019-Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology-transactions of The Asme (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)-Vol. 141, Iss: 3, pp 031403
TL;DR: In this paper, chemical composition, grain size, and microhardness properties of series of bead on plate weld deposits (for API 5 L X70 grade pipe line) were optimized by using multiobjective optimization approach.
Abstract: Submerged arc welding is mainly used to weld high thickness steel plates in various applications such as offshore oil drilling platforms, bridges, building construction, and pressure vessels. Suitable flux composition and welding parameters play an important role in determining the good bead quality, which further affects the mechanical properties of welded joint. Agglomerated fluxes were formulated based on CaO–SiO2–CaF2 and CaO–SiO2–Al2O3 flux system using constrained mixture design and extreme vertices design approach. The chemical compositions of the bead on plate have been studied using formulated fluxes. Twenty one beads on plate experiments were conducted at constant current, voltage, and welding speed using submerged arc welding process. In the present study, chemical composition, grain size, and microhardness properties of series of bead on plate weld deposits (for API 5 L X70 grade pipe line) were optimized by using multiobjective optimization approach.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the physicochemical and thermo-physical properties of CaO-CaF2-SiO2 and CaO−TiO2-O2 based electrode coating for welding offshore structures were investigated.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this article, physicochemical and thermo-physical properties of slags obtained from CaO-CaF2-SiO2-Al2O3 based shielded metal arc welding electrodes were investigated.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the design and development of shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) electrode coating using extreme vertices design methodology has been discussed, where red ochre, a mineral waste from iron ore is added in the coating composition to study the effect of individual constituents and their interactions on the weld chemistry and microhardness.
Abstract:
Offshore structures in recent time are witnessing the increased application of dissimilar metal welds for enhanced structural integrity. Offshore structures are complex systems. Fabrication, maintenance, and repair of these structures require conventional and advanced welding technologies along with suitably chosen welding consumables. The present work aims at the design and development of shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) electrode coating using extreme vertices design methodology. This work also attempts to study weld metal chemistry along with microstructure and microhardness. Red ochre, a mineral waste from iron ore is added in the coating composition. Multi response optimization has been carried out to obtain optimum flux composition and to study the effect of individual constituents and their interactions on the weld chemistry and microhardness.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of CaO-CaF2-TiO2-SiO2 based electrode coating constituents and their binary, tertiary interactions on the weld metal chemistry of offshore structure was reported.
14 citations
18 Feb 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, the high-temperature wettability property of the mineral waste red ochre added CaO-CaF2-SiO2 and CaO−TiO2−SiO 2-based electrode coating mixture for offshore welding was investigated.
Abstract: This paper investigates the high-temperature wettability property of the mineral waste red ochre added CaO–CaF2–SiO2 and CaO–TiO2–SiO2-based electrode coating mixture for offshore welding. The extr...
7 citations
References
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4,109 citations
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01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: In this paper, the original Mixture Problem is described and models for exploring the Entire Simplex Factor Space are presented, including matrix algebra, least squares, and the analysis of variance.
Abstract: Preface to the Third Edition. Preface to the Second Edition. Introduction. The Original Mixture Problem: Designs and Models for Exploring the Entire Simplex Factor Space. The Use of Independent Variables. Multiple Constraints on the Component Proportions. The Analysis of Mixture Data. Other Mixture Model Forms. The Inclusion of Process Variables in Mixture Experiments. Additional Topics. Matrix Algebra, Least Squares, and the Analysis of Variance. Data Sets from Mixture Experiments with Partial Solutions. Bibliography and Index of Authors. Answers to Selected Questions. Appendix. Index.
964 citations
Book•
01 Feb 1974
TL;DR: A review of some basic statistical concepts some intermediate data analysis concepts A Scientific Approach to Experimentation Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) Nested (Hierarchical) and Nested Factorial Designs Split Plot Type Design Latin Square Type Designs 2n Factorial Experiments (Complete and Incomplete Blocks) Fractional Factorial Experimentations for Two-Leveled Factors Three-Level Factorial Experience (FFE) Mixed FactorialExperiments and Other Incomplete Block Designs Response Surface Exploration Appendices
Abstract: Review of Some Basic Statistical Concepts Some Intermediate Data Analysis Concepts A Scientific Approach to Experimentation Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) Nested (Hierarchical) and Nested Factorial Designs Split Plot Type Design Latin Square Type Designs 2n Factorial Experiments (Complete and Incomplete Blocks) Fractional Factorial Experiments for Two-Leveled Factors Three-Level Factorial Experiments Mixed Factorial Experiments and Other Incomplete Block Designs Response Surface Exploration Appendices
429 citations
01 Oct 1993-Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science
TL;DR: In this article, all available thermodynamic and phase diagram data have been critically assessed for all phases in the CaO-Al 2O3, Al2O3-SiO2, and CaO al2O 3-Si2 systems at 1 bar pressure from 298 K to above the liquidus temperatures.
Abstract: All available thermodynamic and phase diagram data have been critically assessed for all phases in the CaO-Al2O3, Al2O3-SiO2, and CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 systems at 1 bar pressure from 298 K to above the liquidus temperatures. All reliable data for the binary systems have been simultaneously optimized to obtain, for each system, one set of model equations for the Gibbs energy of the liquid slag and all solid phases as functions of composition and temperature. The modified quasichemical model was used for the slag. With these binary parameters and those from the optimization of the CaO-SiO2 system reported previously, the quasichemical model was used to predict the thermodynamic properties of the ternary slag. Two additional small ternary parameters were required to reproduce the ternary phase diagram and ternary activity data to within experimental error limits. The calculated optimized phase diagram and thermodynamic properties are self-consistent and are the most reliable currently available estimates of the true values.
263 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the combined effect of flux mixture and welding parameters on submerged arc weld metal chemical composition and mechanical properties was investigated and it was shown that the two factor interaction effect is higher than the individual effect of mixture related variables.
104 citations