Design of Highway Embankments Using Tire Chips
01 Apr 1997-Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering (American Society of Civil Engineers)-Vol. 123, Iss: 4, pp 295-304
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of shredded scrap tires as a lightweight fill material in highway construction is discussed and design parameters for embankments constructed using discarded shredded tires are presented based on laboratory model studies, numerical analyses, and field performance of test fills.
Abstract: This paper describes research undertaken to develop design procedures for using shredded scrap tires as a lightweight fill material in highway construction. The benefits of using scrap tires are particularly enhanced if they can be used to replace virgin construction materials made from nonrenewable resources. This paper addresses the use of tire chips as a highway embankment material. Design parameters for embankments constructed using discarded shredded tires are presented based on laboratory model studies, numerical analyses, and field performance of test fills. The conclusions of this report support the use of tire chips as an environmentally acceptable lightweight fill in highway applications if properly confined. Recommendations for design procedures and construction specifications for the use of tire chips in highway fills are provided.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the relevant literature describing innovative organizational approaches in the management of used tyres in the European Union member countries and the possible uses of waste tyres as a source of raw materials or alternative fossil fuels are presented.
394 citations
TL;DR: Tire shreds and tire shreds can be used as alternative backfill material in many geotechnical applications, such as soil mixtures as discussed by the authors, which can not only address growing environmental and ec...
Abstract: Tire shreds and tire shred soil mixtures can be used as alternative backfill material in many geotechnical applications. The reuse of tire shreds may not only address growing environmental and ec...
366 citations
Cites background or result from "Design of Highway Embankments Using..."
...The use of pure tire shreds and whole tires (i.e., without mixing with soil) has been evaluated as a potential material for highway construction (Garga and O’Shaughnessy 2000; O’Shaughnessy and Garga 2000a, 2000b; Bosscher et al. 1997; Hoppe 1994)....
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...…made regarding the use of pure tire shreds or whole tires as fill material in transportation infrastructures (e.g., Humphrey and Manion 1992; Hoppe 1994; Wu et al. 1994; Bosscher et al. 1997; GeoSyntec Consultants 1997a, 1997b; Garga and O’Shaughnessy 2000; O’Shaughnessy and Garga 2000a, 2000b)....
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...The specific gravity obtained for tire shreds is 1.15, which compares well to results reported by Bosscher et al. (1997) for tire shreds without steel belts....
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..., without mixing with soil) has been evaluated as a potential material for highway construction (Garga and O’Shaughnessy 2000; O’Shaughnessy and Garga 2000a, 2000b; Bosscher et al. 1997; Hoppe 1994)....
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...Significant advances have been made regarding the use of pure tire shreds or whole tires as fill material in transportation infrastructures (e.g., Humphrey and Manion 1992; Hoppe 1994; Wu et al. 1994; Bosscher et al. 1997; GeoSyntec Consultants, Inc. 1997a, 1997b; Garga and O’Shaughnessy 2000; O’Shaughnessy and Garga 2000a, 2000b)....
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TL;DR: In this article, a triaxial testing program was conducted to investigate the stress-strain relationship and strength of tire chips and a mixture of sand and tire chips, and the test results and additional information from the literature were used in the numerical modeling of wall backfills, both unreinforced and reinforced with geosynthetics.
Abstract: The growing interest in utilizing waste materials in civil engineering applications has opened the possibility of constructing reinforced soil structures with unconventional backfills. Scrap tires are a high-profile waste material for which several uses have been studied, including the use of shredded tires as backfill. A triaxial testing program was conducted to investigate the stress-strain relationship and strength of tire chips and a mixture of sand and tire chips. The test results and additional information from the literature were used in the numerical modeling of wall backfills, both unreinforced and reinforced with geosynthetics. The numerical modeling results suggest tire shreds, particularly when mixed with sand, may be effectively used as backfill.
333 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a synthesis of the dynamic strain-dependent properties of the commonly used soil/rubber mixtures, which are necessary in any seismic design, and propose generic normalized shear modulus and damping ratio versus shearing strain amplitude curves for dry mixtures of sand/Rubber (SRM) and gravel/rubbers (GRM) appropriate for the engineering practice.
183 citations
TL;DR: Experimental results indicate that crumb rubber can be successfully used to produce a lightweight flowable fill with excavatable 28-day compressive strengths, which reduces the applied stress on underlying soils, thereby reducing the potential for bearing capacity failure and minimizing soil settlement.
165 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1973
TL;DR: The Elasticite Reference Record (ER) was created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08 as mentioned in this paper, and was used for the Mecanique des sols dataset.
Abstract: Keywords: Mecanique des sols ; Mecanique des roches ; Elasticite Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08
832 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the characteristics of shredded scrap tires and their engineering properties and behavior alone or when mixed with soils, including compaction, compressibility, strength and deformability, and hydraulic conductivity.
Abstract: The primary objective of the research described herein is to assess the pertinent engineering properties for reusing shredded scrap tires as a construction material for light-weight fill material in highway construction, for drainage material in highway and landfill construction, and for other similar applications. Reuse of scrap tires would not only provide a means of disposing of them but would also help solve difficult economical and technical problems. This paper presents the characteristics of shredded scrap tires and their engineering properties and behavior alone or when mixed with soils. The properties considered include compaction, compressibility, strength and deformability, and hydraulic conductivity. Described are new test procedures or modification of existing methods developed to characterize this unusual material.
371 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, a test embankment was designed and built to test key variables including chip size, confining overburden pressure, and use of chip-soil mixtures or chipsoil layering.
Abstract: The construction and performance of a test embankment designed to evaluate the use of shredded waste tires as soil replacement in highway construction are described. The shredded tires offer the advantage of low unit weight and durability. The test embankment was designed and built to test key variables including chip size, confining overburden pressure, and use of chip-soil mixtures or chip-soil layering. The embankment consisted of sections, each 20 ft long, containing differing chip-soil compositions. The embankment was constructed parallel to the access road of a sanitary landfill and exposed to the heavy incoming truck traffic. Field data were collected to assess the stability and deformation of the road surface, compaction of tire chips, and quality of tire chips leachate. Observations were made to assess the potential difficulty of depositing and compacting layers of tire chips. Normal construction machinery can be used successfully with tire chips, though rubber tires can be punctured by the exposed wires at the edge of the chips. Vibratory or static compaction does not significantly induce compaction in tire chips. After an initial adjustment period, the overall road performance was similar to most gravel roads. Tire chips used as a replacement for fill under a road perform better when covered by 3-ft-thick soil caps compared with chips covered by only 1 ft of soil. Furthermore, the void ratio of the pure tire chips affects its stiffness. The leachate quality data indicate that shredded automobile tires show no likelihood of having adverse effects on groundwater quality. The findings support the use of properly confined tire chips as a lightweight fill in highway applications.
106 citations